Prosthetic valve replacement surgery is a palliative treatment for patients with severe valvular disease who cannot be guaranteed a therapeutic outcome through repair techniques. The meaning of palliative is that so far there is no prosthetic heart valve that has the functional standard of an idealized normal human valve. Prosthetic valves, whether they are mechanical valves or biologic valves, have their own unavoidable defects, which make the patients, although the application of prosthetic valves solves the hemodynamic abnormality produced by their own valvular pathology, and the cardiac function can be protected and treated, but because of some adverse characteristics of prosthetic valves, the patients are trapped in overcoming the complications brought about by the abnormalities of the prosthetic valves. However, because of some adverse characteristics of prosthetic valves, patients are trapped in long-term treatment and maintenance efforts to overcome the risk of complications associated with prosthetic valve anomalies. Hu Zhiwei of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital summarized the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical and bioprosthetic valves: mechanical valves have good long-term durability and are relatively simple to implant, but they require lifelong anticoagulation, which creates a higher risk of adverse events than bioprosthetic valves; bioprosthetic valves do not require long-term anticoagulation, which creates fewer adverse events, but age-related durability problems and the risk of second-phase complications can lead to a significant increase in the number of patients with bioprosthetic valves, as well as to the number of patients with bioprosthetic valves. Biologic valves do not require long-term anticoagulation after surgery and have lower adverse events, but their age-related durability, as well as the risk and cost of secondary surgery, are realities that patients must face. According to the treatment guidelines for prosthetic valve selection in Europe and the United States in recent years, the authors summarize the criteria as follows: 1. Mechanical valve selection criteria: 1) the patient’s request and the absence of long-term contraindications to anticoagulation; 2) the patient’s risk of accelerated bioprosthetic valve destruction (young, hyperthyroidism, more severe metabolic diseases, etc.); 3) the patient has already begun anticoagulation therapy with another allograft implant; and 4) the patient belongs to the high-risk category of patients for thromboembolism (severe left ventricular insufficiency, atrial fibrillation, history of thromboembolism, hypercoagulable state, etc.); 5) age <65-70 years and long term survival expectancy (expected years of survival, age, gender, average life expectancy in different countries, etc.); 6) the patient is at high risk for a secondary procedure (left ventricular insufficiency, history of CABG, multiple valve replacements, etc.) 2. Criteria for selection of bioprosthetic valves: 1) the patient's requirements; 2) the Failure to ensure the quality of anticoagulation therapy (contraindications to anticoagulation, high risk, poor compliance, lifestyle and occupational limitations, etc.); 3) Patients who need a second surgery due to thrombosis after mechanical valve replacement and who have been shown to have poor anticoagulation; 4) Patients with a low risk of a second surgery; 5) Limited expected survival time (based on the patient's age, gender, comorbidities, average life expectancy in different countries, etc.), or an age of > 65-70 years of age; 6) Young women with pregnancy requirements;