Effective self-management of prosthetic mechanical heart valve replacement patients after discharge from the hospital is important to improve quality of life and prevent postoperative complications. If the wound has healed, you can start bathing, but do not immerse the wound directly in the bathtub or swimming pool until your doctor gives you permission. Do not use overheated water, which can make you feel dizzy, and avoid spraying water directly on the wound. Do not rub the wound, use neutral soap when cleaning the wound, be gentle and then gently dry the wound with a dry towel. This is also a better time to check the changes in the wound, such as redness, swelling, oozing situation, timely contact with the doctor. 2. Activity Regular exercise is an important part of maintaining a healthy life. 3 months after surgery, according to the physical condition, appropriate indoor and outdoor activities, according to the amount of strength, in order not to cause panic, shortness of breath; 3 to 6 months after surgery, according to the heart function, physical strength and the nature of work, half-day work; 6 months after surgery can be considered for all-day work. Physical work must be gradual, avoid strenuous activities, and those with poor heart function should follow medical advice and should not be forced. 3. Diet The intake of low cholesterol, low fat and high fiber food is ideal. Cholesterol is high in animal foods (such as meat, eggs and dairy products), highest in beef and pork, and less in chicken and fish, but these foods are best baked, grilled, boiled or steamed, not fried, to prevent increased fat content. VitK-rich foods have antagonistic effects on anticoagulant drugs, which can shorten the prothrombin time and affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, such as spinach, tomatoes, cauliflower, fresh bowl of beans, pork liver, lean meat and fruits. Therefore, it is not advisable to eat a long-term monotonous green vegetables containing VitK, avoid overeating or excessive dieting, smoking and alcohol are strictly prohibited. 4, sex and marriage If you can already climb two flights of stairs, you can also resume sex, but there are some things that must be noted: if you feel fatigued or nervous, wait until you feel more comfortable before having sex; if the position makes you have chest discomfort, then try another position; if you feel distracted before sex, then you need to relax yourself, touch and hug each other more. Female patients should use contraception after marriage, the method can take contraceptive pills or apply contraceptive tools, should not use the contraceptive ring, so as not to cause chronic inflammation to form lesions. Female patients with good cardiac function 1 to 2 years after surgery who require childbirth must maintain close contact with the doctor throughout the pregnancy process and receive guidance on pregnancy care and life. Second, psychological adjustment After mechanical valve replacement, the patient can smell the mechanical sound of the heart valve switch in a quiet state, which is uncomfortable in the early stage and even affects sleep. They should maintain an optimistic and calm state of mind, learn to self-regulate, self-control, and self-care, do not get excited and less angry, ensure sufficient sleep, and take oral sedative-hypnotics if necessary. Third, take anticoagulant precautions Patients with prosthetic mechanical valve replacement need to take anticoagulant drugs for life, the risk of mechanical valve thrombosis causing arterial embolism when the anticoagulation is insufficient, and the risk of bleeding when the anticoagulation is excessive, so anticoagulation is a life-safety issue that must be mastered. At present, the oral drugs used for anticoagulation therapy in China are mainly coumarin-based drugs (warfarin-based). (1) During the medication period, we must carefully observe whether there are signs of bleeding, if there are black stools, hematuria, larger unexplained bruises, vomiting coffee-like substances, nosebleeds or gum bleeding, excessive menstruation in female patients, etc., we should promptly consult the doctor, review INR, and reduce the amount of anticoagulants under the guidance of the doctor. Pay attention to avoid trauma and other factors that cause bleeding in daily life, such as bleeding from skin incisions caused by shaving. (2) There are many drugs that interfere with the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Some drugs have antagonistic effect with warfarin and shorten the time of prothrombin, such as VitK, barbiturates, estrogen, oral contraceptives, etc. Patients should be instructed to pay attention to them in their daily life to ensure safety. Some drugs have synergistic effects with warfarin to prolong the prothrombin time, such as antipyretic analgesics, chloramphenicol, broad-spectrum antibiotics, long-acting sulfonamides, salicylates, etc. Therefore, the application of other drugs during anticoagulation must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. (3) Require medication to be taken at the same time fixed every day with accurate dosage. Patients are instructed to time the alarm clock, send messages by pager, and send letters from family members to supervise, etc. so as not to forget, and if they forget to take it on one day, no additional dose should be taken the next day. (4) The prothrombin time should be kept within 1.5 to 2.0 times the normal control value while taking warfarin. The anticoagulation monitoring protocol requires once every 2 weeks for the first 2 months after discharge, once every 2 to 3 weeks for 2 to 6 months, and once every 2 to 3 months after 6 months. (5) Explain to the doctor that you are taking anticoagulants in the following cases, and use antibiotics first to prevent infection as prescribed by the doctor. All dental operations: routine scaling, extractions, fillings, gum and dental bed operations; any major surgery; some minor operations as follows: abscess drainage, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, prostate surgery, childbirth; operations that can cause trauma to somatic tissues: bladder examination, rectal and colon examination, etc. The improvement and recovery of cardiac function in patients after valve replacement requires a process, usually about 6 months, and a few patients need more than a year. Therefore, cardiac diuretic and cardiac function support therapy should still be given for six months to one year after surgery, and potassium chloride should be added at the same time. During the period of taking cardiac drug digoxin, we should closely observe whether there are symptoms of digitalis toxicity, such as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, headache, irritability, weakness, yellow-green vision, etc., and heart rate <70 times/min, we should stop the drug and go to the hospital in time. V. Contact the doctor in time It is normal to have pain and itching around the wound, some blurring and generalized aches and pains are also normal. If the following signs and symptoms appear, you should contact the doctor: severe ankle edema; calf pain; severe pain in the chest or wound; difficulty in breathing; exudate at the wound; headache, dizziness; body temperature >37.5℃; rapid weight gain; wound dehiscence, etc. VI. To prevent accidents, carry a personal information card with you Card with the patient’s name, address, the name of the drug used, the dose and the content of the heart valve replacement, so as to facilitate rescue in case of emergency.