Treatment should start with salt intake restriction, weight reduction, and abstinence from smoking and alcohol. Blood pressure should be strictly controlled below 130/80mmHg, and below 125/75mmHg in patients with significant proteinuria (>1g/d) and renal insufficiency. In diabetic nephropathy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists are preferred for antihypertensive treatment. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists may provide renoprotective effects in addition to blood pressure control. Calcium channel blockers also have the same effect.