1, the etiology of diabetic nephropathy: The causes of diabetic nephropathy are hypertension, metabolic abnormalities and genetics and other three factors. 2, the onset of stages: clinically it is customary to divide diabetic nephropathy into five stages. The first stage: renal hypertrophy and high glomerular filtration rate, clinically asymptomatic. Stage 2: Early lesions appear in the kidney tissue section (biopsy) after several years, but the glomerular filtration rate is still increased or normal. Stage III: The patient develops microalbuminuria, with a daily excretion of more than 20 mg and less than 200 mg. Stage IV: then persistent proteinuria with an albuminuria excretion above 200 mg per day; this stage is often accompanied by the appearance of hypertension and deterioration of renal function. Stage V: usually occurs 5 to 10 years after the appearance of significant proteinuria, and 70% of patients will develop uremia. Before stage 3, if blood sugar is strictly controlled, the changes in renal function are reversible. However, beyond the third stage, the kidney structure will be gradually destroyed and the function will deteriorate. Therefore, diabetic patients must strictly control blood sugar and blood pressure, and regularly check kidney function to avoid the development of nephropathy. 3.Clinical symptoms of diabetic nephropathy: In the early stage, there are no obvious symptoms, only proteinuria as the main clue. In the middle and late stages, it can be accompanied by edema, oliguria, enuresis, etc.; vision loss, cataract, and even blindness; edema can be poor, bloating, constipation or diarrhea when it is serious; in the late stage, it can be seen as anemia, weakness, skin itching, or skin infection, or reduced skin perception. 4, the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy: is a common complication of diabetes, clinical characteristics of proteinuria, progressive renal impairment, hypertension, edema, severe renal failure in the late stage, is one of the main causes of death of diabetic patients. 5, the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: the treatment of diabetic nephropathy is mainly to delay the damage to kidney function, diet should be noted: salt intake should be limited, appropriate to limit the intake of protein, intake of adequate vitamins, trace elements can play a protective role for the kidneys. Adequate intake of vitamins and micronutrients can protect the kidneys. A ration of high-quality animal protein, such as lean meat and skinless fish, can be consumed. If the kidney function is obviously abnormal, some vegetables and fruits with high potassium content should also be restricted, such as rape, spinach, tomato, kelp, banana, peach, etc. Under the premise of strict blood sugar control, increase the intake of pasta appropriately to avoid more protein and fat decomposition. Patients with large amount of proteinuria, edema and renal insufficiency should analyze the condition more specifically, clarify the stage of the disease, and take individualized diet according to the characteristics of pathophysiological changes in each stage of the disease The most important thing is the control of blood sugar, easy to eat mixed food, low fat intake and appropriate exercise. Diabetic nephropathy is easily combined with hypertension, and it is best to apply ACEI class of antihypertensive drugs, which can slow down the development of urinary protein. Adjust the blood sugar, pay attention from the diet, and usually apply drugs that are light on kidney damage.