Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, and in western countries, diabetic nephropathy accounts for the first place of end-stage renal disease. In recent years, due to social development and changes in the structure of life, the prevalence of diabetes is on a steep rise, and the incidence rate of diabetic nephropathy is also increasing year by year. What are the manifestations of diabetic nephropathy? What kind of people should be alert to the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy? The disease often starts insidiously, initially manifesting as microproteinuria, then obvious proteinuria, progressive renal impairment, hypertension, edema, and severe renal failure in the late stage, which is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. Patients with a long history of diabetes (usually greater than 5 years) and poor control of blood glucose, lipids and blood pressure should be alert to diabetic nephropathy. Nowadays, the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is not well understood in China, so that patients often enter the middle and late stages of the disease when kidney damage is detected, losing the best period for treatment. So early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are especially important. It is suggested that for diabetic patients with long duration of disease, it is recommended to seek medical consultation from regular hospital specialists as far as possible, not to believe in folk remedies, and to regularly review urine routine and 24-hour urine protein, urine protein/urine creatinine and other related items, so that once the problem is detected, early treatment can be provided to avoid early entry into end-stage renal disease.