Nuclear medicine is an emerging discipline that combines nuclear science and technology and medical science, which is an important part of modern medicine and one of the important symbols of medical modernization. The development of nuclear medicine is closely related to the development of nuclear science, and has a history of more than 60 years in the international arena, while nuclear medicine in China started late, in 1956, the Department of Nuclear Medicine of our hospital was founded in 1970, and is one of the first units to carry out clinical nuclear medicine in Anhui Province. What people generally know about radionuclides is only that they are radioactive. Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses radionuclides, i.e., the various rays emitted by them, to diagnose and treat diseases. Clinical nuclear medicine provides a basis for diagnosing diseases by studying the changes that occur in the body during the onset and progression of diseases. Nuclear medicine diagnosis is divided into in vitro diagnosis and in vivo diagnosis. In vitro diagnosis is the labeled immunoassay technique, which is used to measure the changes of some trace biologically active substances (such as hormones, sugar antigens and other components) in the body when the body is sick. ECT imaging gives the patient a dose of radiation equal to or less than that of common X-ray examinations. It is therefore very safe. When radionuclides are used to treat diseases, radioactive drugs are first introduced into the patient’s body by oral administration or injection, and these radioactive drugs will specifically gather in the lesion after entering the human body, using the very short-range radiation energy emitted by radionuclides to act on the lesion, while normal tissues are not affected, finally achieving the purpose of targeted treatment of diseases. Nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic methods are sensitive, specific, safe, non-invasive, and have accurate and reliable results. With the development of nuclear medicine technology, more and more radiopharmaceuticals will be used in the clinic for the benefit of our human beings.