HI, everyone, my name is Helicobacter pylori. My Latin name is Helicobacter pylori, or Hp for short, and I have a very special look, a spiral yo, and only about 3.0 μm in height. Like humans, we also need oxygen to survive, but we are very energy efficient, only need a little oxygen can, because we are microaerobic bacteria, if accidentally thrown into the atmosphere or absolutely anaerobic environment will kill us. So, you can find me in the human mouth and stomach, especially the gastric mucosal tissue, which is the hotbed of our life. So, do you know how I get into the human stomach? Sneakily tell you, is through the mouth – mouth transmission route yo. When you share a meal with someone, my compatriots will be transferred from one infected person to another through saliva, and quickly take root and multiply, even if you sneeze, it is possible to send me to the next new home, so those with particularly bad oral odor people should pay attention, we are ready to depart to the next stop. A special reminder for those in love, every kiss you give may be accompanied by a major migration of our family members. Think I’m fond of you humans? Wrong, very wrong. I will bring you many diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, etc., the most harmful is stomach cancer. 1994 International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization also designated us as a class I carcinogen. About half of the world’s population is infected by us, and in China alone there are about 700 million people. We grow happily in the stomachs of infected people and cause them untold suffering. We are able to induce a frenzy of gastrin secretion, which in turn causes acid reflux and heartburn as well as stomach pain and bad breath. Especially for those who have stomach ulcers themselves, our arrival can add to their misery. In addition to that, we can also make you bond with chronic gastritis. Whenever you have upper abdominal discomfort, vague pain, or symptoms of belching, acid reflux, nausea, or vomiting, you can’t do without our diligent work. Don’t think that’s all I can do. The most powerful thing about me is that I can give humans stomach cancer, and after being infected by me, the risk of stomach cancer will increase 2.7 to 12 times. Of these, 3% of infected people successfully develop stomach cancer. In view of my great achievements, scientists are paying more and more attention to me and have invented many instruments and methods to detect me, study me, and even attack me. They removed biopsy specimens through endoscopy, ruthlessly detected and isolated me through a variety of methods such as culture, direct smear, and rapid urease test, and then performed drug sensitivity tests to find drugs that would eliminate us. Then later, clever scientists found that I have strong endogenous urease, which can break down the urea in the stomach and nucleotide labeling to produce CO2 and NH3, and they found me easily by analyzing 14C or 13C in the CO2 gas exhaled through the lungs. Speaking of this is not the impulse to go to the hospital immediately to test? Although the International Agency for Research on Cancer has designated us as a Group I carcinogen, the “Clinical Guidelines for Hp Infection in Developing Countries” developed by the World Gastroenterology Organization says: “Treat all Hp-positive individuals. But if you don’t want to treat, don’t test”. This is a good practice point, meaning that those with a family history of gastric cancer, chronic gastritis with dyspepsia, and peptic ulcers should be tested and treated, while those who have no symptoms or do not want to be treated with medication should not be tested. Since the introduction of testing methods, humans have started to invent drugs to eliminate us again. Acid suppressants were used to change our environment, and then antibiotics were used to kill us outright. But we are not vegetarians, after a variety of drugs, we became resistant to drugs, more resistant. However, pesky scientists have come up with new ways to defeat us. They used a combination of medication methods, such as the quadruple therapy consisting of bismuth + PPI + 2 antibacterial drugs, which is currently recommended internationally. This quadruple therapy can be described as varied and miraculous. Each drug has multiple classes and can be combined according to the patient’s drug resistance and therapeutic effect. For example, there are four types of antibacterial drug composition schemes: (1) amoxicillin + clarithromycin; (2) amoxicillin + levofloxacin; (3) amoxicillin + furazolidone; (4) tetracycline + metronidazole or furazolidone. Bismuth generally refers to bismuth potassium raffinate, and there can be many types of PPI, such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, etc. Because of individualized differences, each person’s medication regimen is different. If you want to fight with me, you must consult a physician to develop a reasonable medication regimen, but there is one thing you must know, bismuth quadruple therapy extended course can improve the efficacy to some extent, the recommended course of treatment is 10 to 14 days. Although your fellow stomach members are eliminated with quadruple therapy, you have overlooked another of our colonization sites – the mouth. We can flow into the stomach in a steady stream, causing recurrent gastritis, which is why some people have long-lasting gastric problems. Therefore, experienced physician experts will remind you to use mouthwash and antibacterial toothpaste for a period of time to repair oral problems such as tooth decay, tartar, calculus, etc. Change your dental appliances regularly, do not put them in the bathroom, but in a place where the sunlight can reach them. Windowless bathrooms should be sterilized by regular UV light for more than 30 minutes. When someone in the family is infected, make sure to share meals and use a home sterilizer to disinfect dishes after each meal daily. Antacid medication is most effective when taken on an empty stomach before bedtime, and you should not eat acidic foods or drink yogurt while taking the medication, as this will undo the treatment. Avoid smoking, alcohol, coffee and spicy stimulating foods. These substances can reduce the biological activity of certain drugs and thus reduce the effectiveness of treatment. Pickled foods containing nitrosamines are carcinogenic, plus our fits will also increase your chances of cancer.