Varicocele is a common and frequent disease among young and strong men, with an incidence of 10-15% of adult men, of which, about 20% are combined with infertility. Varicocele that can give birth normally is considered physiological and does not need treatment; varicocele combined with definite infertility is the indication for surgery; in addition, varicocele combined with scrotal swelling, pain and lower abdominal discomfort and other symptoms that affect daily life and work can also be considered for surgery. In addition, retroperitoneal tumor, renal tumor, hydronephrosis, etc. can cause symptomatic or secondary varicose veins in the spermatic cord, and varicose veins in the spermatic cord can be relieved by themselves after the primary disease is treated. Symptoms of varicocele: Some patients with varicocele have no clinical manifestations and are usually detected by ultrasound; some patients may have clinical symptoms such as scrotal swelling, pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, which are usually mild in the morning and gradually intensify with increased activity in the afternoon or evening. If varicocele is combined with the above symptoms and affects daily life and work, surgery may also be considered. Surgical treatment of varicocele: The most common method of surgical treatment of varicocele is spermatic vein ligation, which can be performed via inguinal, transiliac fossa and laparoscopic ligation. Several surgical methods have their own advantages and disadvantages: transinguinal spermatic vein ligation is simple and easy to perform; transiliac fossa surgery is difficult but safe and has a low chance of postoperative complications such as testicular atrophy; laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery with little trauma, fast recovery and few complications, but is more expensive. Post-operative precautions for varicocele: The general semen improvement rate after varicocele surgery is about 60-70% (usually semen quality improves six months to a year after surgery, but many need 1-2 years to improve), in addition, 10-30% of infertile patients do not see significant improvement in semen quality after surgery, so you should review regularly to keep track of the post-operative recovery and work closely with your doctor to adjust your treatment in a timely manner. The doctor should work closely with the patient to adjust the treatment plan in time. Post-operative treatment can be combined with medication in order to obtain the best results. Generally, the time of postoperative review is three months, six months, one year, one and a half years and two years after surgery.