Osteoporosis is a common disorder that occurs gradually with menopause and ageing in women. In China, the total number of people over 50 years old suffering from osteoporosis has exceeded 70 million, and there are even 200 million people with low bone mass problems, and these people are the reserve army of osteoporosis. It is easy for people to ignore its manifestations, thinking that back pain and hunching and stooping are natural phenomena that should occur in the elderly, but in fact, these views are not correct. The serious consequence is fracture, which can easily involve the distal forearm, vertebrae and hip. As the saying goes, “it takes 100 days to break a bone”, but in fact it is much more than that. Take hip fracture as an example, the mortality rate within 1 year after fracture is 20%-24%, which is life-threatening. In addition, fractures can cause atrial fibrillation, diabetes, pneumonia and bed sores, etc., which can cause endless problems and greatly reduce the quality of life. Osteoporosis is a systemic multi-causal bone disease due to systemic changes in bone mass and microstructure of bone tissue, resulting in increased brittleness of bone and high susceptibility to fracture. There is no absolutely safe and effective method to completely restore the already osteoporotic bone mass to normal high quality bone. Therefore, the key to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is prevention. The prevention of osteoporosis should start from children and adolescents, such as paying attention to reasonable dietary nutrition and consuming more foods with high calcium and phosphorus content, such as fish, shrimp, milk, dairy products, bone broth, eggs, beans, mixed grains, green leafy vegetables, etc. Adhere to a scientific lifestyle, such as adhere to physical exercise, more sunbathing, do not smoke, do not drink alcohol, less coffee, strong tea and carbonated beverages, less sugar and salt, animal protein should not be too much, late marriage, less childbirth, breastfeeding period should not be too long, as far as possible to preserve the calcium in the body, enrich the calcium pool, increase the peak bone to the maximum is the best measure to prevent osteoporosis later in life. Bone loss accelerates in middle age, especially after menopause in women. Bone density examination should be performed annually during this period, and early preventive and curative measures should be taken for those with rapid bone loss. For patients who already have osteoporosis, medication to inhibit bone resorption or promote bone formation should be actively administered under the guidance of a physician on the basis of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and measures to prevent falls and bumps should also be strengthened. The risk assessment for osteoporosis is emphasized in the latest version of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis in China, and you can find out how much risk you have for osteoporosis by taking a simple 1-minute test. The risk assessment is divided into two parts: the first part is the new osteoporosis test questions released by the International Osteoporosis Foundation, and the second part is a self-screening formula for osteoporosis in Asians. Part I Osteoporosis 1 minute self-test questions 1.Have you ever hurt your bones due to a slight collision? 2.Have your parents ever had a hip fracture from a minor collision? 3.Do you often take hormonal drugs such as cortisone and prednisone for more than 3 months in a row? 4.Have you lost more than 3 cm in height compared to your youth? 5.Do you often drink a lot of alcohol? 6.Do you smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day? 7.Do you often suffer from diarrhea? 8.Answer: Did you go through menopause before the age of 45? 9.Answer: Have you ever had no menstruation for more than 12 consecutive months? (except during pregnancy) 10.Men answer: Do you suffer from impotence or lack of sexual desire? If you answered “yes” to one of the above 10 questions, you are at risk of osteoporosis. Then, proceed to the second question – the Asian osteoporosis self-screening formula: (weight – age) x 0.2 = risk index. If the result is greater than -1, it means that the risk of osteoporosis is relatively low; if the result is less than -4, it means that it is a high risk, and you should rush to the hospital for treatment; the calculated result between -1 and -4 is a medium risk, and it is best to go to the hospital for consultation as well. For example, a 70-year-old person who weighs 58 kg, his osteoporosis risk index is (58-70) × 0.2 = -2.4, indicating that he is at an intermediate risk stage. Experts recommend that people over the age of 50 should have annual self-tests. People with asthma, thyroid disease, and those who have used hormonal medications should do this test even earlier.