Some thyroid nodules can be operated without surgery. Thyroid nodules can be classified as benign or malignant, and benign nodules can be classified as those caused by insufficient intake of thyroxine or those caused by high intake of iodine-containing foods. Some nodules can be controlled or even reduced by taking medication, while others grow slowly or not at all, and can be observed by regular review of thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function. If the nodule is considered to be malignant, surgery is required. If the patient does not want to undergo surgery for the time being, he or she can have a thyroid nodule punctured to determine whether it is benign or malignant. During the treatment period, it is necessary to consume foods rich in vitamins and fiber, such as fresh fruits and green vegetables, to consume high quality protein, and to refrain from drinking alcohol and eating spicy foods, which can inhibit the growth of thyroid nodules.