With the growing concern for health, more and more people are undergoing routine medical checkups, and thyroid ultrasound is an important part of routine medical checkups. With the advent of high-resolution ultrasound, thyroid nodules as small as 2-3 mm can be detected by ultrasound. Many patients who find a thyroid nodule do not know how to treat it, and when they go to the hospital, different doctors may give different treatment opinions, some advocating surgery and some advocating observation and follow-up. For most thyroid nodules, surgery may not be necessary, and surgical treatment may result in complications that can have a serious impact on the patient’s quality of life. For most thyroid nodules, surgery may not be necessary, and surgical treatment may have complications that can seriously affect the patient’s quality of life. In fact, the incidence of thyroid nodules is very high, and most of them are benign nodules. If the nodules are small, do not have obvious pressure symptoms, do not have hyperthyroidism, and do not have malignant tendency, regular ultrasound checkups are sufficient for follow-up. If the ultrasound indicates a single solid nodule or a nodule with calcification, unclear borders, abundant blood flow, poor elasticity, longitudinal diameter > transverse diameter, and other malignant tendencies, surgery should be considered. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology is also a very important test, but unfortunately this test is not yet available in many hospitals. In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased significantly worldwide and in China. However, most of the thyroid cancers in China are differentiated papillary thyroid cancers with good prognosis, and many of them are microscopic thyroid cancers <1cm, which can have very high postoperative survival rate with timely surgical treatment. Therefore, there is no need to be afraid of thyroid nodules found in physical examination, but go to regular hospital for consultation and treatment in time, and follow up or surgery according to the doctor's suggestion.