BACKGROUND: Patients with BPD often have early trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to investigate the neurological relationship between trauma memory and PTSD in BPD with and without PTSD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Twelve female BPD patients with traumatic experiences were studied, six with PTSD and six without PTSD. keywords (words) for traumatic and negative non-traumatic events were identified based on autobiographical interviews. Analysis was performed to compare the differences between trauma and non-trauma. RESULTS: Analysis of all individuals revealed vitality in the orbitofrontal cortex regions, anterior temporal and occipital lobes of both hemispheres. Individuals in the no PTSD group had highly significant vitality in both sides of the circumfrontal cortex and Broca’s area. Individuals in the group with PTSD had significant vitality in the anterior temporal lobe, middle temporal region, amygdala, posterior cingulate gyrus, posterior cephalic domain, and cerebellum on the right side compared to the left side. CONCLUSION: Patients with BPD grouped according to the presence or absence of PTSD had different neurological manifestations of their traumatic memories.