Understanding and awareness of the conceptual definition of osteoporosis.
1. reduction in bone mass: should include a reduction in bone minerals and their matrix in equal proportions.
2. Degeneration of bone microstructure: due to imbalance in bone tissue resorption and formation, etc., as evidenced by destruction, thinning and fracture of bone trabecular structures.
3, the brittleness of bone increases, the mechanical strength of bone decreases, the risk of fracture increases, and microfractures or complete fractures occur easily due to reduced load bearing capacity. Lumbar compression fractures may occur quietly, or fractures of the distal end of the flexor bone, proximal femur and upper end of the limb bone may occur without significant external force.
Clinical manifestations of osteoporosis
1. Pain. The most common symptom of primary osteoporosis is low back pain, which accounts for 70%-80% of the patients with pain. Pain spreads along the spine to both sides, decreases when supine or sitting, increases when posterior extension or prolonged standing or sitting, is light during the day, increases at night and when waking up in the morning, and increases when bending, muscle movement, coughing and bowel movement.
Bone pain generally occurs when 12% or more of bone mass is lost. In old age osteoporosis, the vertebral trabeculae atrophy and decrease in number, the vertebral body compresses and deforms, the spine flexes forward, the lumbar rash muscle doubles its contraction in order to correct the forward flexion of the spine, the muscle fatigue or even spasm, producing pain. A recent compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine can also produce acute pain, with strong pressure pain and percussion pain in the spinal spinous process at the corresponding site, which can generally be gradually reduced after 2-3 weeks, and some patients can present with chronic low back pain.
If the corresponding spinal nerve is compressed, radiating pain in the extremities, sensory-motor disorders in both lower extremities, intercostal neuralgia, retrosternal pain similar to angina pectoris, or epigastric pain similar to acute abdomen may occur. If compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina also affects the function of the bladder and rectum.
2. Shortening of body length and hunchback. Mostly appear after the pain. The front part of the vertebrae of the spine is almost mostly composed of cancellous bone, and this part is the pillar of the body with a large weight, especially the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae and the 3rd lumbar vertebrae, which have a greater load and are easily compressed and deformed, causing the spine to tilt forward and the dorsal curvature to increase, resulting in a hunchback. Each person has 24 vertebrae, the height of each vertebrae in normal people is about 2cm, when the elderly osteoporosis vertebral compression, each vertebrae shortened by about 2mm, the average length of the body shortened by 3-6cm.
3.Fracture. This is the most common and serious complication of degenerative osteoporosis, which not only increases the patient’s pain, aggravates the economic responsibility, and seriously limits the patient’s activities, and even shortens the life expectancy. According to our statistics, the incidence of fracture in the elderly is 6.3%-24.4, especially in elderly women of advanced age (over 80 years old).
Fractures caused by osteoporosis are more common in the early stages of old age with distal radius fractures (Colles fractures) and later in old age with fractures of the lumbar spine and upper femur. Fractures generally occur when 20% or more of bone mass is lost, and for every 1.0 DS decrease in BMD, the incidence of vertebral fractures increases 1.5-2 times. About 20%-50% of patients with vertebral compression fractures have no obvious symptoms.
4. Decreased respiratory function. Compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine, backward curvature of the spine, and thoracic deformity can significantly reduce lung capacity and maximum ventilation, and the incidence of lobar emphysema in the anterior region of the upper lobe of the lung can be as high as 40%. Most elderly people have no degree of emphysema, lung function decreases with age, and if combined with thoracic deformity due to osteoporosis, patients often have symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and difficulty in breathing.
Once the symptoms arise, the body shape changes, which is a blow to people who love beauty, plus pain, mobility problems, medical payment for fracture surgery, etc., which is a great burden to individuals, families and society. At present, there is no safe and effective method to help restore the original shape of osteoporotic bones, therefore, preventive health care is very important, do not neglect the “bone care” work is not yet your turn, nor should you think you are too old to take care of it, it is never too late to preserve the bone.
Osteoporosis can be divided into three main categories.
The first type is primary osteoporosis, which is a physiological degenerative lesion that inevitably occurs with age. This type is divided into 2 types, type Ι for postmenopausal osteoporosis, seen in women shortly after menopause. type Π for senile osteoporosis, which occurs mostly after the age of 65.
The second type is secondary osteoporosis, which is triggered by some factors such as other diseases or drugs.
The third category is idiopathic osteoporosis, which is mostly seen in adolescents or adults aged 8-14 years old, mostly with a genetic family history, and more women than men. Osteoporosis that occurs during pregnancy and lactation in women can also be included in idiopathic osteoporosis.
Exercise prescription for osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a common and frequent disease among the elderly. According to some statistics, nearly one third of women over 45 years of age suffer from osteoporosis of different severity; and the prevalence of osteoporosis among women over 75 years of age is as high as 90%.
In addition to the symptoms of osteoporosis such as bone pain and cramps, there is another point to note. Osteoporosis leads to increased brittleness of the bone, which makes it prone to fracture. Therefore, osteoporosis should be actively diagnosed and treated, and should not be taken lightly and allowed to develop. If you experience any of the above discomforts, you should go to the hospital for treatment.
Discomfort all over the body, weakness in the back and legs, inexplicable bone pain. After detailed examination and diagnosis of osteoporosis, the doctor can take some painkillers and calcium supplements as appropriate. In addition, you need to make some cooperation, such as ensuring enough sleep, one hour of sunshine every day, and exercise for half an hour or more every day. The more meaningful exercise methods for osteoporosis are walking, playing tai chi, doing various exercise exercises, and swimming exercises if you have the conditions.
Sunbathing and sports exercise first for a short period of time, and then slowly increase and extend the exercise time. Eating food should not be picky, should eat low salt, light meals, pay attention to nutrition to be rich. 1 bottle of milk should be guaranteed every day. If the bone pain and cramps are not relieved after 2 weeks of treatment according to the above method. You can go back to your doctor to prescribe some injection medicine to help regulate your body’s internal bone calcium content.