Renal puncture biopsy first originated at the end of the 19th century, first as renal biopsy in surgery, then transdermal visceral biopsy was started in 1939, applied to the kidney in 1951, and automatic biopsy devices were applied in 1982. To date, renal biopsy has been a fairly mature technique, the most widely used of which is ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy. Renal biopsy in China was first performed in 1958. Kidney biopsy is to take 2 strips of kidney tissue after stabbing through the skin under the guidance of ultrasound through an automatic biopsy device to the kidney, and then send it to pathological examination, the significance of which is to clarify kidney pathology, assist clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis, guide clinical medication, and help judge prognosis. Among them, it is very important to guide the clinical medication. For acute renal insufficiency of unknown origin, acute progressive nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, etc., kidney puncture biopsy should be considered. In general, for nephritis nephrolithiasis with proteinuria, all should consider renal puncture biopsy; for hematuria, it is better to do renal puncture biopsy if it is carnal hematuria of renal origin, and if it is microscopic hematuria with a large amount, renal puncture biopsy should also be considered, while those in just a little more hematuria can be observed for a period of time, but attention should be paid to review; for early renal insufficiency, if Cr is not For early renal insufficiency, if the Cr is not too high and the kidney size is still okay, renal aspiration biopsy can also be considered, but the risk of puncture is higher in these people. There are some people who cannot undergo renal aspiration biopsy, mainly including: people with obvious bleeding tendency, such as people with low platelets, such as people with poor coagulation function; isolated kidneys are not considered for renal biopsy; do not do it when urinary tract infection; people who cannot cooperate, especially those with mental illness, are not considered for renal aspiration biopsy. There are many people worry whether kidney biopsy has great damage to the kidney. In fact, it is not, we perform kidney puncture biopsy, each time the specimen taken in 20-30 glomeruli, at most not more than 50, but each person has two kidneys, a total of about 1 million glomeruli, all the impact on kidney function is almost negligible. However, renal puncture biopsy has its own risks: first of all, bleeding, most patients will have a small amount of bleeding, usually microscopic hematuria, and the real to the naked eye hematuria, accounting for < 5%, usually a few days later can subside, those bleeding to the hematocrit drop, blood pressure drop or even the need for surgical treatment, only a very small number of them; general above the patient can have hematoma, are small hematoma, can be self-absorption, large The proportion of large hematomas is about 2%; others, such as arteriovenous fistulas, are even rarer. Based on the above complications, hospitalization is required to perform renal puncture biopsy for observation and absolute bed rest after surgery. In the past, it was necessary to stay in bed for 24 hours, but in recent years, only 6-8 hours of postoperative observation (bed rest) is required in the United States. Our department currently also requires absolute bed rest for 8 hours, after which you can turn around with help, but bed rest is still the mainstay. In general, ultrasound-guided renal puncture biopsy is already a fairly mature technique, and we should understand it correctly.