Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound which consists of a pyrimidine ring thickened with an imidazole ring. It is water soluble. It is the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature. Purines are widely distributed in nature. Purines are found in animals and plants. Purines are more abundant in animals, especially in internal organs such as the liver and kidneys. Purines are usually found in relatively low levels in plants, and some legumes can also contain high levels of purines. Purines have important physiological functions and in the human body can act directly at neurotransmitters, acting on purine receptors and adenosine activating adenosine receptors. Many organisms have metabolic pathways for the synthesis and breakdown of purines. Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleosides. These substances are an important part of the body’s genetic material, and purines are present in the body’s DNA and RNA. This substance is also a component of some important enzymes in the body. Without purines, many enzymes will not be synthesized and will seriously affect the physiological functions of the body. If purine metabolism is disturbed, it will cause problems in the body’s metabolism. The final product of purine metabolism is uric acid, and hyperuricemia can lead to diseases such as gout. Gout is a crystalline joint disease characterized by sudden onset and rapid onset, with redness, swelling, severe pain, burning and swelling of the joints. The pain usually occurs quickly and reaches its maximum intensity in less than 12 hours. Purine is a biochemically important substance. It is widely distributed in nature and can be obtained directly by the body from food. However, abnormal purine metabolism can lead to the development of gout, a metabolic disease.