Most common clinical pneumothoraxes are spontaneous pneumothorax in young people and pneumothorax caused by ruptured emphysema in the elderly, and the current treatment of such diseases mainly adopts the method of minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery. Advantages of thoracoscopic treatment: 1.Small trauma, a total of three incisions, located in the axilla, each incision is only 2 centimeters. 2.Fast recovery after surgery, generally 3-4 days to remove the tube. 3.The efficacy is precise, and the possibility of recurrence of pneumothorax after surgery is small. 2.Surgical indications for thoracoscopic treatment: 1.Spontaneous pneumothorax, recurrent attacks, more than 2 times; or persistent air leakage after closed chest drainage surgery. 2.Young patients, especially students, should have surgery for the first pneumothorax attack due to schooling, sports activities, etc., which can reduce the psychological burden. 3.Patients with special occupations such as remote areas, working at height, fishermen, drivers, etc., should also have surgery for the first pneumothorax attack. 4.Patients with large pulmonary alveoli on both sides, once bilateral pneumothorax occurs at the same time, which may be life-threatening, should also be operated, either at the same time or in stages. 5, huge alveoli, due to compression of the surrounding normal lung tissue, even if the pneumothorax does not occur, it will greatly affect the lung function, should also be operated early.