The common cause is lumbar muscle strain or disc herniation, which will improve or heal with proper rest, medication or rehabilitation. With the popularization of medical knowledge people are becoming more and more aware of the back pain caused by osteoporosis and know the importance of timely bone density measurement and reasonable calcium supplementation. However, many people do not know that there is a common hematologic malignancy in middle-aged and elderly people – multiple myeloma. It can also cause recurrent or continuously worsening low back pain and even fractures in severe cases. Some patients have been visiting the osteoporosis clinic for several years, and the more they look at their problems, the worse they become, before finally considering myeloma, delaying the best time for treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to briefly introduce the clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma to middle-aged and elderly friends here so that they can be more alert. Generally speaking, the malignant cells of multiple myeloma proliferate slowly and have a longer course, and are less malignant than those of acute leukemia. However, there are still some types with extremely high malignancy and rapid development, and patients die of renal failure or severe infection within a short period of time. Therefore, aggressive treatment is currently advocated after diagnosis to prolong the patient’s survival. Treatment methods include chemotherapy (the composition and dosage of drugs will be adjusted according to the patient’s age, general condition and severity of the disease), local radiotherapy and autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With proper treatment, most of the patients can be in remission and their survival period can be extended.