Myelofibroblastic dysplasia is the old name for what is now known as bone fibrous dysplasia, also known as structural dysplasia of the bone fibers. The disease is clinically common and occurs in adolescents and middle-aged adults, especially in people aged 10-25 years who are at the peak of skeletal growth. The lesion can be in a single site or in multiple sites, and is characterized by the formation of fibrotic bone in the bone marrow cavity: fibrous tissue first appears in the bone marrow cavity, followed by the formation of fibrous or woven bone. Although the fibrotic bone is dense, it is disorganized and undirected, with low blast resistance, and is prone to fracture. X-rays show that the lesion is swollen and thickened, the dense bone is partially thinned, and the typical appearance is glass-like changes with clear lesion boundaries. If the lesion is proximal to the femur, it can bend the femoral neck and resemble a “shepherd’s cane”. After the onset of the disease, the treatment should be chosen according to the extent of the lesion, and those with mild lesions that do not affect normal function can be temporarily observed. If the lesion is obvious, surgical treatment is required, commonly scraping and bone grafting surgery. For relatively weak partial long bone lesions, such as a single rib or fibula, segmental resection can be performed. For those with deformities, osteotomy orthopedic surgery is required. The specific treatment measures need to be decided after an interview with an orthopedic surgeon. Myelofibroblastic proliferation is a benign lesion with a generally good prognosis, so there is no need to be overly concerned.