Currently, the only possible cure for myelodysplastic syndrome is allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
The general principle of treatment is to group patients according to their prognosis.
Low- to medium-risk patients are mainly treated to improve haematopoietic function and quality of life, often with supportive therapy, haematopoietic, demethylating drugs and immunomodulators.
High-risk patients are primarily concerned with delaying progression, using demethylating drugs, chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.