In clinical work, we often encounter patients with myelodysplastic syndrome who fail to fully recognize their disease, fail to provide timely and effective systemic treatment, or even delay their illness and miss good opportunities for treatment. Here is a brief introduction to MDS, so that patients and their families can further understand the disease and recognize it. I. Myelodysplastic syndrome concept Myelodysplastic syndrome is a heterogeneous group of myeloid clonal diseases, whose basic lesions are clonal abnormalities in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development, resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis and increased risk of malignant transformation. The abnormal differentiation and maturation of the myeloid cells and the genetic instability determine the high risk of transformation to myeloid leukemia. According to statistics, 30% of MDS cases eventually develop into acute myeloid leukemia. What are the risks of MDS? 1. 30% of MDS cases eventually develop into acute myeloid leukemia. 2. The increased risk of infection due to peripheral blood leukopenia and neutropenia, coupled with the low immunity of MDS patients, often leads to infections, commonly pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, enteritis, urethritis, etc. 3. MDS is a malignant disease that affects the overall survival of patients, depending on the severity of the disease There are no recognized effective treatment options, although new MDS treatment drugs have emerged in recent years, such as decitabine, azacitidine, and ralidomide, but the efficacy is poor or the population is narrow or the cost is expensive.