Vertigo is a motor or positional illusion that causes distortion in the cortical response to the spatial relationship between a person and the surrounding environment, resulting in sensations such as spinning, tipping and heaving. Vertigo can be caused by a variety of reasons, as described below. Vertigo can be divided into two types according to the anatomical site of the lesion, namely systemic vertigo and non-systemic vertigo. Systemic vertigo is caused by lesions of the vestibular nervous system, and vertigo caused by lesions other than these is called nonsystemic vertigo. Systemic vertigo is the main cause of vertigo, and it can be divided into peripheral vertigo and central vertigo. Peripheral vertigo is commonly caused by labyrinthitis, otitis media, vestibular neuronitis, Meniere’s disease, mastoiditis, eustachian tube obstruction, and external ear canal cerumen. Central vertigo is common in diseases such as cone-basilar artery insufficiency, brainstem infarction, cerebellar infarction or hemorrhage, and epilepsy. Non-systemic vertigo is mainly caused by diseases of the eye, cardiovascular system, endocrine metabolic diseases, poisoning and infection, and usually manifests as pseudovertigo. It can be seen that the occurrence of vertigo is caused by many reasons, so we need to actively improve the relevant examination to clarify the specific causes and then carry out symptomatic treatment.