Drug resistance and dependence of medication for male infertility

  Some of the male diseases require longer or even long-term medication, and many patients are worried about drug resistance or drug dependence after long-term medication. For example, male infertility requires prolonged application of endocrine therapy (e.g., clomiphene, testosterone undecanoate), drugs to improve sperm vitality (e.g., Chinese herbal medicines, levocaine, zinc, vitamins, etc.), PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., tadalafil, sildenafil, etc.) for erectile dysfunction, and androgenic drugs (e.g., testosterone undecanoate) for hypogonadism. Drug resistance and drug dependence are described below.  Drug resistance: also known as drug resistance.  If antibiotics are applied for a long time or irregularly applied to make pathogens produce resistance to drugs, making antibiotics ineffective. Or some drugs are taken for a long time, the body’s sensitivity to the drug is reduced, etc. The above situation may need to adjust the use of drugs.  Addiction: Also known as drug dependence.  In fact, what patients worry about and what medicine calls drug dependence are different concepts.  Often, what patients worry about is that after a period of drug treatment, they cannot achieve a cure and the disease will reappear after they stop using the drugs. In contrast, medical drug dependence refers to the strong desire to continue using certain drugs after repeated application in order to obtain satisfaction or to avoid discomfort caused by drug interruption. It can be subdivided into physiological dependence and psychological dependence.  Physiological dependence is a state of adaptation of the body after repeated application of drugs, and the user desires to use a certain drug irregularly to get euphoria, and after interruption of drug use, serious withdrawal reaction occurs, causing physical damage and great pain. For example, morphine, codeine, pethidine, etc. Psychological dependence is the strong desire of drug users to continue using drugs, resulting in compulsive drug use behavior. Some hypnotic drugs can produce psychological dependence.  Some patients may not be able to achieve the eradication of the disease, and the disease may recur after stopping the medication, which is different from the real sense of drug dependence.