What is osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and degradation of bone tissue microstructure, resulting in increased brittleness of bone and increased risk of fracture. Second, the mechanism of osteoporosis: bone microstructure on the impact of osteoporotic fracture more and more attention from experts. The bone emblem brown contains because of the thickness, density, spatial arrangement of bone trabeculae and the connection between bone trabeculae, especially the number and mechanical construction of connecting bone trabeculae is important for the bearing capacity of bone. Bone matrix proteins (collagen) give bones their annihilative properties, matrix mineralization gives bones their hardness, and bone matrix mineral salt content determines the strength and elasticity of bones. Therefore, changes in bone microstructure are of great importance in osteoporotic fractures. Degenerative changes in trabecular microstructure. In osteoporosis, bone formation decreases, bone resorption increases, bone conversion is in negative equilibrium, bone volume decreases due to thinning of trabeculae, and some trabeculae even perforate until they disappear. The decrease in the number of bone trabeculae increases the load on the remaining trabeculae, microfractures occur, and the bone structure is destroyed. With further development, 1/3 of the inner surface of the bone cortex gradually becomes similar to cancellous bone structure, and the cortical bone becomes thin, causing a significant decrease in bone strength and an increase in brittleness. Together with the slight external force on the osteoporotic site, the heaviest leads to the occurrence of fracture. Common types of fractures complicated by osteoporosis: The greatest danger of osteoporosis is fracture, 20% of patients with osteoporosis have the possibility of osteoporotic fracture. The fractures caused by osteoporosis are more frequent in the hip, vertebrae and distal radius, etc. After the fracture, the patient is bedridden for a long time and the limb is braked, so that the limb does not bear the child or the weight is reduced, and the bone mineral loss of the injured limb leads to secondary osteoporosis, which increases the possibility of re-fracture of the fractured person, forming a vicious circle. 1, the relationship between hip osteoporosis and fracture hip fracture in osteoporotic fracture in the most serious degree, mild trauma can cause fracture, the number of death and disability caused by more than other fractures,
It causes more deaths and disabilities than other fractures and is more expensive to treat. The incidence of hip fractures increases with age and is higher in women than in men,
Eighty-five percent of hip fractures occur over the age of 60, and one third of women over the age of 90 experience hip fractures. It has been reported that there is no gender difference in the incidence of hip fracture before the age of 50 years, and the incidence increases exponentially every 5 years after the age of 60 years,
The incidence in women is more than twice that of men. Some studies have also shown that the incidence of hip fracture is highest in urbanized countries. 2. The relationship between vertebral osteoporosis and fracture Primary osteoporosis is evident in the spine, and the microfractures caused by it can deform the vertebral body. Most of the vertebral bodies of the spine are composed of cancellous bone, and in middle-aged and elderly women after menopause hormone metabolism disorders, resulting in loss of vertebral bone mass, thinning of bone trabeculae, fracture, and reduction in number; with degenerative changes in the thoracolumbar muscles and ligaments, and then due to the reduction in the water content of the intervertebral discs, the mobility between the vertebral bodies is reduced, so that even a slight external force or weight bearing will directly affect the vertebral bodies. The resulting microfracture can deform the vertebral body. Minor trauma, such as: sprains, sitting on the ground, can cause vertebral compression fractures, producing severe low back pain, forcing the patient to remain in bed, aggravating the osteoporosis, and greatly increasing its risk of re-fracture. Vertebral fractures occur most frequently in the 12th thoracic vertebra, followed by the 1st lumbar vertebra and the 11th thoracic vertebra. 3, distal radius osteoporosis and fracture The distal radius bone is dominated by cancellous bone, and is the site of osteoporosis at an early stage. When the palm of the hand hits the ground during a fall, the fracture of the distal radius occurs as a direct result of the force. During the period of fracture fixation,
During the period of fracture fixation, the wrist flexion and extension activities and forearm rotation activities are limited or painful, and improper fixation prevents functional exercise,
The osteoporosis is aggravated by improper fixation. The age of onset starts at 45 years old and increases sharply between 50 and 65 years old. The effect of amenorrhea is more pronounced than the effect of increasing age in this type of fracture, and it is also influenced by factors such as gender. Especially after menopause in women, the incidence of distal forearm fractures increases progressively with age. Since the total area of trabecular bone is larger than that of cortical bone, the trabecular bone is thus more involved than the cortical bone, thus directly leading to significant cancellous bone loss in the distal radius and eventually to fracture. When the patient falls and lands on the palm of the hand, the fracture occurs as a direct result of the force on the distal radius.