With the progress of society, the aging of society has become prominent. The issue of geriatric health is not only an important part of family happiness, but also social harmony. Proper understanding, active prevention and appropriate treatment of geriatric diseases are not only the responsibility of medical workers, but also require the common concern and support of the whole society. Older people are different from younger people in terms of disease incidence, disease manifestations, drug reactions, treatment methods and effects. The “aging” should not be considered as an irreversible factor and effective treatment should not be abandoned. There are many special problems of geriatric diseases that need attention. First, the elderly are not sensitive to pain and delay the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Patients should not only tell the exact location of the pain, but also describe the degree and nature of the pain, aggravating and relieving factors, whether there is radiation and metastasis, and whether there are accompanying symptoms. Take abdominal pain as an example, abdominal pain is a common symptom of abdominal diseases, and accurate localization of pain by the patient is the first step to correct diagnosis by the doctor. The degree and nature of pain in certain diseases are characteristic, such as knife-like pain suggesting gastric perforation, paroxysmal colic suggesting cavernous organ spasm, radiation from the right shoulder may be a gallbladder lesion, and pain shifting to the right lower abdomen is a specific symptom of appendicitis. The lack of sensitivity to pain in the elderly only delays the consultation and affects the doctor’s correct diagnosis because of the inability to answer the above questions correctly. In the case of appendicitis, for example, because of insensitivity to pain, the appendix is often suppurated or even abscesses are formed when the doctor examines it, and the doctor cannot accurately determine the location of abdominal pain to the right lower abdomen, and the doctor cannot describe the medical history, let alone remember whether there is metastatic abdominal pain as a specific symptom, which is one of the main reasons for the delay in diagnosis and treatment. Second, the lack of specific manifestations of geriatric disease. Even typical cardiopulmonary diseases such as acute myocardial infarction and pneumonia do not show specific symptoms of cardiopulmonary diseases such as cough, chest pain and dyspnea, but only confusion, drowsiness, restlessness and irritability; various infectious febrile diseases lack typical fever patterns and elevated white blood cell counts; uremia, cancer, pernicious anemia, hypothyroidism and other diseases are often characterized by mental retardation. In diseases such as uremia, cancer, pernicious anemia, hypothyroidism, etc., mental retardation is often the main manifestation; however, it must be differentiated from untreatable cerebrovascular sclerosis dementia and reversible brain diseases such as subdural effusion and hydrocephalus. Be alert to the occurrence of delayed subdural hematoma after trauma, and note: minor injuries that are no longer memorable may also be the cause of delayed subdural hematoma in the elderly. When psychoneurological abnormalities are the main manifestation, one first considers brain lesions. For the elderly, it is not uncommon to find softening foci in the brain by CT, and it is crucial to distinguish whether the lesions are new infarct foci or old softening foci, and whether the lesions are consistent with the symptoms, otherwise it is easy to cause misdiagnosis, or diagnosis of multiple diseases. Some drugs including sedative, antidepressant, atropine and drugs containing reserpine can have psychiatric symptoms as side effects, which need to be differentiated from disease manifestations. Second, the “aging phenomenon” conceals treatable and preventable diseases. People often mistake geriatric diseases as “natural aging phenomenon” and give up treatment. In fact, the aging phenomenon may be the manifestation of geriatric diseases, and geriatric diseases are not lack of effective treatment, and even preventable. Most people think of urinary disorders in the elderly as an aging phenomenon, but there are actually two common diseases, one of which is prostatic hyperplasia. The second is neurogenic bladder and urethral dysfunction caused by diabetic peripheral neuropathy and brain and spinal cord disease. The pathophysiology of urinary disorders and the site of treatment can now be clarified by urodynamic examination. Urinary incontinence and enuresis are common urinary abnormalities that cause embarrassment. Elderly women experience involuntary urinary leakage when coughing, laughing or even walking or bending with increased abdominal pressure – called stress urinary incontinence. Modern “pelvic floor” research has confirmed that it is due to anatomical abnormalities in the pelvic floor structure, especially in the urinary control structure, which is considered an aging phenomenon and rarely seen. In addition to excluding the use of sedative and diuretic drugs, it is important to find out what is wrong with the urinary control mechanism in the elderly. Respiratory sleep apnea syndrome – also known as “snoring” or sleep snoring – can also be accompanied by enuresis, which is caused by dysfunction of the urinary control nerve and/or urethral sphincter due to severe hypoxemia caused by apnea, and must be promptly seen by head and neck surgery. Note: Most of the etiology of enuresis is not in the urinary system, much less an aging phenomenon. Unlocalized skeletal and muscular aches and pains are very common in the elderly and cannot be considered as an aging phenomenon, but can be induced by many diseases, such as rheumatism, osteochondrosis, myofasciitis and, horribly, bone metastases from some cancers (most commonly breast cancer and prostate cancer). What’s more, the pain in the lower back cannot be explained by disc herniation or simple osteoporosis. With the popular use of CT and MRI, “intervertebral disc” has become a modern buzzword, note: disc lesions and damaged nerves have specific localization, the diagnosis of the nature of disc lesions must be determined by a medical professional. The inability to move can not be attributed to the results of aging, which Parkinson’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteochondrosis can not be ignored. Minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques are now ideal for addressing osteoarthritis, a common condition that affects the activities of the elderly. Arthroscopic replacement technology has made it possible to cure many of the so-called incurable joint diseases of the elderly in the past. Both knee and hip joints. Third, fully understand the non-aging factors of “physical decline”. Physical decline refers to the insidious progressive physical decline, including social activity decline, weight loss, loss of appetite, increased weakness, and reduced motivation, attention and energy. Most people attribute these to the aging phenomenon, but in fact hide many treatable and even curable diseases such as hypothyroidism, indifferent hyperthyroidism, adrenocortical insufficiency, diabetes, uremia, multiple cerebellar infarction, tuberculosis and diseases of medical origin, the side effects of some drugs such as excessive sedative drugs at night, blood pressure drugs containing Risperdal, diuretics caused by low potassium, cancer is also one of the common diseases. Fourth, most “falls” have a cause, prevention is fundamental. People tend to the elderly “falls” and “aging” together, that falls are the onset of some disease factors, not to analyze the causes of falls, in fact, these patients in the fall before the existence of pathological factors that lead to falls, such as Parkinson’s disease tremor, osteoarthritis of the unstable knee, osteoarthritis, In fact, these patients have pathological factors that cause falls before they fall, such as tremor in Parkinson’s disease, unstable knee in osteoarthritis, cerebral basilar artery vertigo due to cervical spondylosis and cervical rheumatoid arthritis, otogenic vertigo, postural hypotension due to drug side effects, especially antihypertensive, diuretic and sedative drugs. A common case is hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Falls occur after a pathological process in the brain, and cerebral hemorrhage is not a result of a fall, but falls can aggravate the condition and even lead to other complications. It is true that falls are a common direct cause of fractures in the elderly, but few people consider why falls are more important to prevent falls than to treat fractures. Fifth, the interpretation of laboratory results in the elderly should be analyzed specifically. Hematological, biochemical and endocrine abnormalities are more common in the elderly. Lymphocytes decrease with age, and blood leukocyte count decreases. The decrease of glomerular filtration rate with age leads to the increase of several indicators of renal function. The upper pole of normal value of blood urea can reach 60mg/dl, the upper limit of normal value of creatinine 1.9mg/dl, not 1.6ml/dl, and the blood uric acid is similarly increased. Blood cholesterol rises with age, more markedly in women after menopause, with a large proportion of women over 65 years of age exceeding 300mg/dl, and without coronary heart disease or hypothyroidism. Hormones are trace chemicals in the blood that regulate the physiological functions and biochemical metabolism of the human body. With age, their secretion decreases, the effective concentration of blood decreases, and the regulatory function decreases. It has been confirmed that androgen levels in men not only represent male health, but are also significantly associated with life expectancy. Once the level decreases to 0, it marks the end of life. Adrenaline and thyroxine play a variety of important regulatory roles for the body’s multiple systems. Some non-specific symptoms, such as weakness, poor nasal function, mental depression, low sodium, fear of cold, hair loss, etc., should be considered as to whether there is a problem with endocrine secretion and whether long-term supplementation is needed. The positive effects of post-menopausal female hormone replacement on the occurrence of the organism have been confirmed by a large number of clinical practices and used clinically.