Normal pubertal development age: girls usually start from 10 years old to about 18 years old, boys start from 13 years old to about 20 years old. Normal puberty development characteristics: after children enter puberty, physical growth suddenly accelerates, weight and height growth increases, while the development of the reproductive system tends to mature, sexual characteristics gradually become obvious, girls show breast development, followed by pubic hair, axillary hair and the first menstruation, boys show testicular and penile enlargement, may have ejaculation, followed by the appearance of throat knots, voice thickening, growing beard, pubic hair and axillary hair, etc. What is early sexual maturity? Precocious puberty can be diagnosed if the above-mentioned sexual characteristics appear before the age of 8 for girls and 9 for boys, or if the first menstruation of girls occurs before the age of 10. What are the risks of precocious puberty? Short stature due to accelerated skeletal growth and early epiphyseal closure, which affects adult height. It affects the psychological development of the child because of the early puberty and the immaturity of intelligence and sexuality, which can easily cause social problems and mental and life burdens to the child. Why does precocious puberty cause short stature? When precocious puberty occurs, a large amount of sex hormones are secreted in advance, which accelerates the growth of the child’s height and makes the child’s height temporarily higher than normal children. How should precocious puberty be treated? Precocious puberty treatment is aimed at improving adult height as the core, and attention should also be paid to preventing psychological problems associated with precocious puberty and early menarche. GnRH analogues (GnRHa) are generally used for treatment. However, the growth rate generally falls back to the prepubertal level (about 5 cm/year) after six months of treatment, and some children have a growth rate <4 cm/year after 1-2 years of treatment, at which point it will be difficult to improve their adult height with continued GnRHa treatment. In recent years, the combination of GnRHa and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is mostly used internationally to overcome the growth deceleration.