Primary hepatocellular carcinoma mainly receives blood supply from the hepatic artery and a small amount of blood supply from the portal vein, while the portal vein mainly supplies blood supply to the periphery of the tumor. In recent years, interventional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma through portal vein has been clinically reported. The indications and contraindications of portal vein intervention are similar to those of transhepatic artery intervention. Since portal vein is a closed system with capillaries at both ends and cannot be accessed from surrounding veins, trans-portal vein embolization is commonly used for portal vein chemoembolization by percutaneous fine needle hepatic portal vein puncture under ultrasound guidance. This method is simple, less invasive, has fewer complications, and is easily tolerated by patients. During portal vein puncture embolization chemotherapy, iodine oil, which forms emulsion with drugs, not only plays a mechanical embolization role and blocks the blood supply from portal vein to tumor, but also acts as a drug carrier to selectively bring anti-cancer drugs to liver cancer tissues, so that the concentration of anti-cancer drugs in liver cancer tissues is significantly higher than that in non-tumor tissues, which plays a role of continuous local chemotherapy. The preliminary results of trans-portal vein intervention for hepatocellular carcinoma show that this is an effective, safe and simple method.