Diabetes is an important cause of chronic renal failure. About 40% of patients with end-stage renal disease also have diabetes, of which 12% have type 1 diabetes and 28% have type 2 diabetes, and the incidence of chronic renal failure due to type 2 diabetes is increasing in all countries with westernized lifestyles. Among the indications for kidney transplantation, diabetes ranks second only to glomerular disorders. Kidney transplantation or combined pancreas-kidney transplantation is a treatment for end-stage diabetic nephropathy. When comparing patients with diabetic nephropathy after transplantation and those awaiting transplantation, patients in the transplantation group survive significantly longer. Controlled studies assessing patients’ quality of life have clearly demonstrated that transplantation is better than dialysis for patients with diabetic nephropathy. Although all renal replacement therapies (dialysis and transplantation) can delay the onset and progression of diabetic complications, successful transplantation can correct uremia and control blood pressure, and is more beneficial in stabilizing or improving complications such as neurological disorders, diabetic gastroparesis and retinopathy. With the development of transplantation technology, the clinical application of new organ preservation fluids and highly effective immunosuppressants, pancreas transplantation has gradually become widely performed in the clinic and has become the only cure for diabetes at present. At present, pancreas transplantation in clinical application is divided into: 1, simple pancreas transplantation: suitable for diabetic patients without advanced renal disease, but the number is very small because patients need to experience the risk of surgical complications, rejection and toxic side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, and the limited benefit to patients makes the clinical application somewhat limited. 2.Pancreas transplantation after kidney transplantation: Applicable to diabetic patients with successful previous kidney transplantation. 3, combined pancreas and kidney transplantation: suitable for patients with diabetes combined with chronic renal failure, the advantage is that patients can be cured of diabetes and chronic renal failure at the same time by only one operation, and the pancreas and kidney come from the same donor, the monitoring method of rejection is simple, the dose of immunosuppressive drugs is basically equivalent to that of simple kidney transplantation, a large number of studies have shown that the survival rate and quality of life of patients with combined pancreas and kidney transplantation are significantly Therefore, combined pancreas-kidney transplantation is currently the most used pancreas transplantation method internationally. Pancreatic transplantation is divided into different procedures such as bladder drainage, intestinal drainage, portal venous return, peripheral venous return, etc. Depending on the surgical method, each of these procedures has different advantages and disadvantages and can be chosen according to the patient’s condition. Within the first few months after successful combined pancreas-kidney transplantation, patients already have a significantly better quality of life than with simple kidney transplantation, require less medical care later in life (the cost of follow-up visits is equivalent to simple kidney transplantation), have more opportunities to work full-time, and no longer require lifelong dialysis and insulin injections, while the long-term survival rate of the transplanted kidney is higher than that of simple kidney transplant patients. The goal of combined pancreas-kidney transplantation is to improve the quality of life and survival of patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy, which cannot be fully achieved by kidney transplantation alone.