Zika virus is an arbovirus that is outbreak-prone, and in February 2014, the first indigenous case of Zika virus infection was detected in Chile on Easter Island. Outbreaks have now been reported in 24 countries and territories, 22 of which are in the Americas, and are currently being reported in several European countries, with a tendency to spread globally. Clinical manifestations The incubation period (time from exposure to onset of symptoms) of Zika virus disease is unknown and may be several days. Typical symptoms include acute onset of low-grade fever, maculopapular rash, joint pain (mainly involving small joints of the hands and feet), conjunctivitis, and other symptoms including myalgia, headache, orbital pain, and weakness. Other rare symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, mucosal ulcers, and pruritus. Symptoms are usually mild, last less than a week, and generally do not require hospitalization. Diagnosis Zika virus infection is diagnosed based on symptoms and epidemiologic history (e.g., mosquito bites, or travel to areas known to harbor Zika virus). Diagnosis by serologic methods may be difficult because Zika virus cross-reacts with other flaviviruses such as dengue, West Nile virus, and yellow fever. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and isolation of the virus in blood cultures can confirm the diagnosis. Diagnosis can be made by detecting positive Zika virus RNA in peripheral serum within 7 days of onset, but a negative result outside the positive window cannot exclude infection because of the relatively short window of RT-PCR positivity (3-7 days), i.e., the short period of viremia. Treatment There is no specific treatment available. Symptomatic antipyretic treatment with aspirin is not recommended, acetaminophen can be used. Microcephaly definitely has an effect on growth and development, and the specific effect should be further observed. Prevention A vaccine is currently under development and there is no safe product yet. Reducing the source of Zika virus infection (removal and modification of breeding sites) and reducing mosquito-human contact may reduce the occurrence of infection. Blood transmission is also possible, and recent test results suggest the presence of live virus in body fluids, but there is no definitive basis for transmission. The following measures are recommended: 1, the use of insect repellent; 2, wear as much as possible to cover all parts of the body, and preferably light-colored clothing; 3, the use of screens, doors and windows tightly closed and other physical barriers; mosquito nets to sleep. 4, in addition, it is more important to buckets, flower pots or car tires and other containers that may hold water to empty, keep clean or covered, so as to remove the environment in which mosquitoes can breed.