Miss C, a typical cat person, was recently troubled by a fever and swollen lymph nodes in her armpit, which she thought was just ordinary lymphadenitis and came to the hospital after taking antibiotics and not seeing any improvement. The swollen lymph nodes were finally removed in our outpatient clinic and examined and diagnosed as “cat-scratch disease”. In fact, the full name of “cat-scratch disease” is cat-scratch lymphadenitis, and as the name suggests, it is a kind of lymphadenitis caused by “cat-scratch injuries”. In fact, it is not so simple. In addition to cat scratches, dog, rabbit and monkey scratches, pig and cow bites, as well as plant thorns, wood chips, fish bones and other puncture wounds have been reported. Some have only a history of cat “licks”, and some even have no particular recollection of the patient. The true pathogen of this disease is a small rod-shaped bacterium called Hansenbachia, which infects humans through scratching and biting by dogs and cats. It usually develops 2-3 months after the injury and mainly involves the talipes, axillary and cervical lymph nodes, and the enlarged lymph nodes may be accompanied by mild systemic symptoms. The blood picture is mononuclear. The lymph nodes are enlarged to the naked eye and sometimes abscesses are seen. Microscopically, they appear granulomatous. The common tuberculous lymphadenitis is also chronic granulomatous inflammation, but the granulomas in “cat-scratch disease” are stellate or lacunar, with acute inflammation in the middle and a large number of neutrophil infiltrates; the surrounding lymph nodes are chronic inflammation, with epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells arranged in a fence. Therefore, lymph node biopsy is an important step in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of “cat-scratch disease”. Combined with the clinical history and pathogenic examination, the final diagnosis will not be difficult. The disease is mostly self-limiting, usually healing within 2-4 months, and treatment is mainly symptomatic. If the lymph nodes become septic, puncture and aspiration of pus can be performed to alleviate the symptoms, and if necessary, the procedure should be repeated after 2 to 3 days, and incision and drainage are not recommended. Surgical removal may be considered in cases of enlarged lymph nodes that have not shrunk for more than 1 year. Although in vitro Hansenbarton bodies are sensitive or hypersensitive to many antibacterial drugs and their derivatives, aminoglycosides, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, etc., the application of antibacterial drugs is not yet indicated in general cases. If symptoms such as multiple lymph node enlargement occur, it is important to pay attention and come to the hospital promptly.