I. The concept of infectious diseases Infectious diseases are special infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms and parasites that infect the human body and make the body sick or carry the pathogen, and can infect others. Second, why is the spring prone to infectious diseases? In spring, everything revives, and various pathogenic microorganisms grow and multiply rapidly, while the human body in the spring skin coup open, resistance is weak, especially this year continued rainy, low temperature, poor indoor ventilation, various pathogenic microorganisms are more likely to take advantage of the entry, so that people get infectious diseases. Third, what infectious diseases are likely to occur in spring? Spring is most likely to occur in respiratory infectious diseases, followed by intestinal infectious diseases. Respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, measles, influenza, mumps, chicken pox, tuberculosis and fever are common, but some rare infectious diseases may also come from time to time, such as the recent report of respiratory adenovirus infection in Hebei, we should pay attention to prevention! Intestinal infectious diseases are more common with acute hepatitis A and E, infectious diarrhea, food poisoning, etc., which is related to unclean diet during the Spring Festival. Fourth, the characteristics of common infectious diseases and prevention 1, influenza for short, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza A, B and C viruses respectively. Often sudden outbreak, rapid spread, widespread, with a certain degree of seasonality, the South occurs more in the spring and summer and winter. The morbidity rate is high but the mortality rate is low. The highest rate of infection is among adolescents and the elderly, and the high-risk groups are the elderly and frail or those with chronic diseases. Patients with influenza and those with latent infection are the main sources of infection. Influenza is contagious for about 7 days before and after the onset of the disease. The main prevention is timely vaccination against influenza, as well as strengthening the windows and ventilation, trying not to go to crowded places during the epidemic, and treatment should be short-term isolation in infectious disease hospitals, and be anti-viral and prevention of bacterial infection, children, the elderly and other people with low resistance should be especially careful. 2, measles is a measles virus caused by the systemic rash infectious disease, children are common, adults are very heavy symptoms of infection, to late winter and early spring for more. Clinically characterized by fever, upper respiratory tract infection (Catarrhal sign), and a generalized papular rash; highly contagious, in the crowded elementary schools and kindergartens prone to epidemics. The rash is contagious for 5 days before and after its appearance. The main prevention is vaccination, and if the mother has no antibodies, she should also be vaccinated before giving birth to a child in order to achieve maternal and infant protection. Of course it is very important to ventilate and try not to touch children with measles. What about treatment? It is necessary to go to an infectious disease hospital as soon as you suspect it, to shorten the course of treatment and avoid unfortunate events. 3, epidemic encephalomyelitis (rheumatoid encephalitis) is an acute infectious disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis infection. Clinical manifestations mainly include acute fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, neck ankylosis, photophobia, skin petechiae, etc. In severe cases, coma, convulsions, shock, etc., which can easily cause death. Prevention 1, develop good personal hygiene habits, such as washing hands regularly, using handkerchiefs when sneezing and coughing, not facing others directly, etc., can reduce the chance of transmission and infection. 2.Improve the living and working environment and ventilate frequently, especially in kindergartens, schools, construction sites and other areas where people live. 3.Vaccination. 4.Early detection and early treatment. After clinical manifestations appear, go to the hospital to reduce symptoms and prevent death. 5. Protect contacts. When a case appears, closely observe family members, health care workers and other close contacts and treat them as soon as there are signs of illness (fever) to avoid delays. Close contacts should take prophylactic medication under medical supervision. In addition to antimicrobial agents, the focus should be on preventing and treating fatal critical illnesses such as circulatory and respiratory failure. Mumps is a respiratory infection caused by the mumps virus. It occurs mainly in children and adolescents, especially in patients between the ages of 5 and 15, and often breaks out in nurseries, kindergartens, schools and recruits. The parotid gland is enlarged on one side or both sides at the same time, with local pain and allergy, and the pain is obvious when opening and chewing, and intensifies after eating, often spreading to the adjacent submandibular gland, sublingual gland and lymph nodes. Treatment Principle: Pay attention to oral hygiene, eat a light diet, avoid acidic foods, and drink more water. For high fever, headache and vomiting, symptomatic treatment such as antipyretic and antitussive, dehydrating agent should be given. The preparations can be used for clearing heat and detoxifying, softening and relieving pain, etc. orally, and local application of anti-swelling and pain relieving drugs. For severe cases or those with meningitis or orchitis, hospitalization is required. Prevention First of all, the management of infectious sources, early detection of patients, early isolation, application of live attenuated vaccine spray throat, nasal spray and aerosol immunization, the protective power of 100%. Pregnant women should be especially protected. 6, acute hepatitis A Most often seen in adolescents, jaundice type more, generally first about 3 – 7 days of low fever, aching, yellow urine, poor nausea or diarrhea, followed by jaundice and liver function damage. Most people recover in 2-6 weeks after treatment by an infectious disease specialist. Prevention firstly, pay attention to dietary hygiene, do not drink raw water and eat raw fruits and melons, secondly, vaccination against hepatitis A. After contact with children with hepatitis A during the epidemic, you can also inject C ball first, etc. 7, infectious diarrhea: can be caused by bacteria or viruses through contaminated food or drinking water (material) through the digestive tract into the body and cause intestinal inflammation, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms, treatment is first of all rehydration, followed by antibacterial or antiviral drugs according to the bacterial or viral infection respectively. The best prevention method is to pay attention to dietary hygiene.