There are primary MDS and secondary MDS. Some acute leukemias are secondary to MDS after radiotherapy treatment of malignant tumors and then transformed into acute leukemia, and some are secondary to MDS from immune-related diseases, both with the presence of the primary disease. Therefore, patients with acute leukemia transformed by MDS are more complicated, have more clinical symptoms, are more prone to fever infection, bleeding and anemia are more severe. Li Dongyun, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that acute leukemia transformed by MDS is usually a refractory leukemia. Although it is acute leukemia, because of the MDS process, patients have poor bone marrow proliferation and low peripheral blood count, and cannot tolerate conventional chemotherapy; on the other hand, MDS is very resistant to chemotherapy drugs, and it is multi-drug resistant, so it is not sensitive to conventional chemotherapy, and it is not easy to achieve complete remission, and it is often necessary to increase the dose of chemotherapy, which makes the choice of treatment very difficult. HSCT is recommended for refractory leukemia, but in clinical practice, MDS patients are mostly middle-aged and elderly, and often combined with other diseases, most of them are not suitable for HSCT. In view of this, patients with acute leukemia converted from MDS can benefit more from a combination of Chinese and Western medicine.