Acute leukemia is a malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic system caused by the unrestricted proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. There are a large number of poorly differentiated primitive or naive cells in the patient’s blood and bone marrow, and these cells are the leukemic cells, which can invade the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, reproductive system, central nervous system, etc. Classification of acute leukemia: Acute leukemia is divided into two categories: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (abbreviated ALL) and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia is also known as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The causes of acute leukemia are: viral infections; ionizing radiation; chemical toxins: benzene-containing compounds. Genetic factors: such as congenital dysgenesis, Bloom syndrome, Fanconi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome patients all have a significantly higher incidence of leukemia than individuals without the above genetic disorders. IV. Manifestations of acute leukemia: Anemia: dizziness, weakness, in severe cases, panic and shortness of breath. Bleeding: skin bleeding spots, purpura, gum bleeding, nasal bleeding, excessive menstruation in women, fundus bleeding, intracranial bleeding, etc. Infection: fever, sore throat, cough, diarrhea, and sepsis in severe cases. Organ infiltration: enlarged liver and spleen lymph nodes, swollen testicles, persistent and painful penile pulsation, swollen gums, etc. Routine blood tests reveal increased or decreased white blood cells and decreased red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. Primitive or naive cells appear in the blood. V. Treatment of acute leukemia: Supportive treatment: including anti-infection, red blood cell transfusion, platelet transfusion, etc. Chemotherapy; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; induction of differentiation and pro-apoptotic therapy: for acute promyelocytic leukemia, all-trans retinoic acid is used to induce differentiation of leukemic cells to normal cells, and arsenic trioxide is used to promote apoptosis of leukemic cells in a two-pronged approach, resulting in a 95% remission rate for this type of leukemia. Immunotherapy: The use of monoclonal antibodies against leukemia cells has achieved good results in the treatment of acute leukemia.