Currently, cervical cancer remains the second most common malignancy threatening women’s health, and although its incidence and mortality have declined significantly with the continued development and use of various screening and treatment technologies, 470,000 new cases and 230,000 women die from the tumor each year worldwide. Fortunately, it is now understood that cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and that HPV infection is its necessary cause. However, not all HPV infections develop into cervical cancer, and the chance of developing cervical cancer is significantly higher only when the infected person is unable to eliminate the virus through autoimmunity and presents with a persistent infection. The long term process from persistent HPV infection to precancerous cervical lesions and eventually to cervical cancer usually takes about 10 years. It provides an excellent time to implement early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment of the cervix and its precancerous lesions, in which the evolving screening technology plays a key role. In cervical cancer screening, the earliest technique used was Pap smear, but the false negative rate of this technique was as high as 50%, and the leakage was more serious. The thin-layer liquid-based cytology screening technique developed in recent years has increased the sensitivity of the screening technique to 85%-90%, which is 15% higher than Pap smear. Modern medicine allows us to detect early lesions of cervical cancer by the three-step technique of cervical cytology; colposcopy and colposcopic biopsy, after which they can be cured by the application of freezing, laser, electrocoagulation, LEEP knife circumferential electrosurgery; cervical conization; hysterectomy; and photodynamic therapy. The evolutionary characteristics of cervical cancer provide the opportunity for its early detection, diagnosis and treatment. The key to prevention and treatment is to avoid high-risk factors, to conduct annual screening under the guidance of doctors, to detect cervical lesions and early cervical cancer in time, and to provide appropriate treatment at an early stage so that the cure rate can be close to 100%. This shows that cervical cancer is a preventable and curable disease. Here, we hope that all women will pay attention to their cervix and have timely screening to eliminate it in the curable stage. Avoid the tragedy of Anita Mui from repeating in the world!