Thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation that reduces the synthesis of peptide chains of pearl proteins. Thalassemia can be clinically divided into thalassemia minor, thalassemia intermedia, and thalassemia major, and its specific blood routine performance is different according to the typing, but the red blood cell volume will be significantly smaller; 1. thalassemia minor: hemoglobin and red blood cell values are in the normal range, or there is a mild decrease; 2. thalassemia intermedia, thalassemia major: hemoglobin and red blood cell values will show a significant The values of hemoglobin and erythrocytes decrease significantly. In thalassemia major, the decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cell values is more severe. In addition, the average erythrocyte volume, average erythrocyte hemoglobin volume, and average erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration also decrease in thalassemia patients, and the erythrocyte osmotic fragility decreases. Microscopic observation of abnormal red blood cell morphology may show target-shaped red blood cells, fragmented red blood cells, nucleated red blood cells, dot-colored red blood cells, multi-stained red blood cells, red blood cell Howe’s-peripheral vesicles, etc. Reticulocytes are normal or elevated. In addition, thalassemia is a common genetic defect disease, which may present with anemia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, edema, and even heart failure in severe cases. Clinical blood tests are the preferred method of screening for the disease, but they also need to be combined with serum protein electrophoresis and genetic tests to confirm the diagnosis. Blood transfusion, vitamin and folic acid supplementation are usually required. Iron removal treatment with medication can also be applied, and splenectomy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, if necessary, are also effective in the treatment of thalassemia. Pay attention to rest and a balanced diet, and pay attention to your own protection to reduce infections.