Thalassemia, also known as thalassemia, is a hereditary hemolytic disease, mainly manifested as impaired synthesis of peptide chains of pearl proteins. Thalassemia patients with abnormal blood count can be seen, which may be related to the values of the following items: 1. Red blood cells: Thalassemia patients may have the phenomenon of hemolysis, which can cause a decrease in the number of red blood cells, and moderate or severe thalassemia patients may have a decrease in the number of red blood cells. The average red blood cell volume and reticulocyte ratio are found to be increased during the test. In contrast, for gene carriers and those with mild thalassemia the red blood cell count may be normal at the time of testing. 2. Hemoglobin: Patients may have reduced hemoglobin concentration, mean hemoglobin volume and other indicators. Patients with mild thalassemia may have insignificant or no decrease in values, while patients with moderate or severe thalassemia commonly have a significant decrease in values. Patients with thalassemia may also have reduced mean hemoglobin amount; 3. Other: thalassemia patients have impaired synthesis of peptide chains of pearl proteins, which may lead to abnormal platelet or white blood cell numbers in routine blood results, and the size and shape of red blood cells may be affected, such as increased target-shaped red blood cells, uneven red blood cell size, heterogeneous, and obvious basophilic dot-colored red blood cells seen in blood smear examination, and red blood cells with Typical small cell, hypochromic appearance. In addition, the diagnosis of thalassemia should not rely only on the results of routine blood tests. In case of pale skin, weakness, jaundice and abnormal eye distance, it is recommended to seek medical attention for hemoglobin electrophoresis and genetic diagnosis. If the thalassaemia gene is normal, the disease can be excluded; if the gene test is abnormal, the disease will be considered, and then further observation of hemoglobin count such as light β-thalassemia hemoglobin is generally above 80g/L, and heavy β-thalassemia hemoglobin is generally below 50g/L. Clear diagnosis will be made according to the test results and clinical, and then corresponding treatment will be carried out.