Semen routine is the laboratory cornerstone of male fertility assessment and has important clinical significance for male infertility diagnosis and treatment, and the results of the examination directly affect clinical diagnosis and treatment, so attention should be paid to semen routine examination, just as we watch war drama or novel. The author spends most of his time on the various preparations before the war (such as trying to unite all the forces that can be united politically, taking various measures economically and diplomatically to gain the support of all parties by various means of felling diplomacy, etc.), while the war process is an instantaneous destruction of the enemy, and so is the disease diagnosis and treatment, and only by paying attention to various examinations, including semen routine, can we achieve good treatment results for the disease. The standardization of semen collection is a prerequisite for good semen analysis, so it is important to inform the examinees in detail about the methods and precautions for semen collection and delivery before semen collection. 1. Abstinence should be at least 48 hours, but not more than 7 days, before specimen collection. To minimize fluctuations in semen analysis results, the number of days of abstinence should be as constant as possible. Each semen analysis report should state: the patient’s name, the duration of abstinence, the date and time of specimen collection, whether the specimen collection is complete, and the time interval from collection to analysis of the specimen. 2. The initial examiner should have two semen analyses, and the interval between two semen collections should be greater than 7 days, but not more than 3 weeks. If there is a significant difference in the results between the two times, the specimen should be taken again for a third analysis. 3. The collection of specimens should preferably be done individually in a sperm collection room near the laboratory. Otherwise, it should be sent to the laboratory within 1 hour after collection. 4. It is best to take semen by masturbation and collect semen in a wide-mouthed glass or plastic container that has no toxic effect on sperm. The temperature should be kept at 20~40℃ to avoid reducing sperm viability. If microbiological examination is to be done, the patient should first urinate and wash his hands and penis and collect in a sterile container. 5. If masturbation is difficult, special condoms can be used for semen collection. Because latex condoms used daily can affect the survival of sperm, they cannot be used for semen collection. The interruption of intercourse method also cannot be used for semen collection because the initial portion of the ejaculate, which often has the highest sperm density, may be lost. Moreover, the specimen will be contaminated by bacteria and microorganisms; at the same time, acidic vaginal secretions will also have a negative impact on sperm vitality. 6, Semen collection must be complete, incomplete semen should not be analyzed. 7. The temperature of the specimen should be kept above 20°C, but not more than 40°C, during transportation to the laboratory. 8. The container for semen collection must be marked with the name (and/or ID number) of the subject and the date and time of specimen collection. The main indicators of sperm concentration, viability and morphology must be analyzed objectively in conjunction with the medical history. The World Health Organization defines male infertility as the absence of fertility for 1 year due to male factors when both men and women are not using contraception and have a normal sexual life. In our clinical work, if the woman is ≤ 34 years old, the limit is 1 year; if the woman is ≥ 35 years old, she can enter the treatment process of infertility in half a year. This is because by the age of 35, a woman’s fertility is only 50% of that of a 25-year-old, by the age of 38, only 25%, and over 40, less than 5%. The definition of male infertility has absolutely no specific parameters for semen, and it cannot be said that low concentration or poor vitality means infertility. If there is no history of infertility, theoretically, pregnancy is possible only if there are active sperm in the semen. One more point should be emphasized here: the sperm must be taken intact. Because when semen is ejected, the initial discharge is clear and sticky, mainly urethral bulb gland secretion and a small amount of prostate fluid, which is a sign of male sexual excitement, with very few sperm, playing the role of lubricating the urethra to facilitate ejaculation; the middle part of the semen is mainly prostate fluid and epididymal tail fluid, and the quantity and quality of sperm are the best. The last part of the semen is the secretion of the seminal vesicle gland, which mainly contains fructose and has a low sperm count and poor quality. If the sperm is taken incomplete, it should be re-examined, otherwise the result is not reliable; if the laboratory does not mix the specimen sufficiently, it will also affect the result of semen examination. There is also a special case of occult spermatozoa, that is, sometimes there are sperm in the semen, sometimes there is not then it is necessary to recheck the semen several times, abstinence for about 7 days, the sperm concentration is particularly low, if the abstinence time is short, the semen often can not find sperm, so as to assess whether IVF, the risk of doing IVF and whether testicular puncture should be done before IVF. If one or more grade a,b or c sperm are found, with two such semen test results, or grade d sperm with a sperm concentration greater than 5 million/ml, then you can go directly to the IVF procedure. On the day of IVF, if enough sperm cannot be found in the semen, then testicular sperm retrieval is performed directly, but there is the same risk: the risk of not finding enough sperm on the day of egg retrieval and having to freeze the eggs; if the semen is worse than the above worse, or in patients with azoospermia, a testicular puncture is required before entering IVF to assess whether IVF can be performed and the risks involved in doing so.