Acute leukemia refers to malignant tumors that originate in the hematopoietic system. It is caused by a combination of factors (currently, environmental pollution, chemical substances, radiation, viral infections, etc.) that lead to mutations in the stem/progenitor cell stage, malignant proliferation leading to infiltration of tumor cells with restricted apoptosis, compression of the normal hematopoietic function of the bone marrow and symptoms such as anemia and thrombocytopenia; in addition, the pathological substances secreted by tumor cells In addition, the pathological substances secreted by tumor cells lead to abnormalities of blood clotting and immune mechanisms in the body, resulting in bleeding and infection. The onset of disease is rapid and serious. Therefore, if there is abnormal increase or decrease of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets in routine blood tests, abnormal coagulation function or clinical conditions such as unexplained fever, emaciation, bleeding, dizziness, etc., patients should consult the hematology department. Patients with clinical suspicion of leukemia should improve liver and kidney function, coagulation function, electrolytes, cardiac enzyme profile, hematological tumor index, three major routine, blood type, electrocardiogram, ultrasound (abdomen, urinary tract, genital tract, heart, etc.), chest X-ray/chest CT and other examinations to understand the basic physical condition, and more importantly, improve bone marrow aspiration and biopsy examination, bone marrow cell morphology, bone marrow pathology, flow cytometry ( Immunophenotyping), chromosome and related genes (FISH/PCR method), etc., to clarify the diagnosis and understand the typing, so as to comprehensively determine the patient’s risk stratification (low/medium/high risk) and further guide the next step of diagnosis and treatment. The treatment of leukemia is generally divided into three phases: induction of remission, consolidation and maintenance. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only means to cure leukemia (or even multiple hematologic, immunologic, or genetic diseases). Due to the increasing maturity of the treatment and technology of HSCT (bone marrow transplantation), the number of patients receiving HSCT is gradually increasing. Therefore, patients with indications for transplantation should be prepared for transplantation at the beginning of treatment. Acute leukemia is diagnosed when the bone marrow or peripheral blood has more than 20% of primary cells. There are two major categories of acute leukemia: Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The treatment options, evaluation and prognosis are different between the two. Here, we describe acute leukemia in adults. Treatment of ALL: The risk level is assessed based on pre-treatment tests, and treatment is individualized according to the risk level. I. Induction of remission Generally, the classical 3+7 regimen (anthracyclines for 3 days + cytarabine for 7 days) differs mainly in the choice of different anthracyclines, and the medication should be considered according to the requirements of the patient and family, the economic situation, and full communication with the patient and family to get their understanding and trust. The dose of medication should be standardized and should not be increased or decreased arbitrarily! In addition, during the remission induction phase, attention should be paid to hydration, alkalinization, stomach protection and anti-vomiting, and more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of infection, bleeding and other complications; furthermore, due to the “characteristics of the primary stage of socialism” in China, physicians should pay attention to cost control, preparation of component blood, and full communication with the patient’s family. In this stage, complete remission (CR) and complete control of infection are the main goals! Consolidation chemotherapy varies depending on whether the patient is undergoing transplantation or not. For those who have transplantation, they should enter the transplantation process after 1-2 chemotherapy regimens including high-dose cytarabine; for those who do not have transplantation, they should be maintained or discontinued after 1-4 chemotherapy regimens including high-dose cytarabine. Patients at this stage should take care to return to chemotherapy as scheduled! Physicians should pay attention to adequate doses of therapy, transfusion of blood products during myelosuppression and control of infection! In addition, extra-myeloid leukemia prevention (e.g. lumbar puncture and intrathecal chemotherapy for M4/M5) should be performed for different diseases in order to further reduce the tumor load in the body! For those who do not undergo transplantation, maintenance chemotherapy can be chosen after consolidation chemotherapy, and those with low risk can choose to discontinue treatment after 4 high-dose chemotherapy regimens and regular review. The main goal of this stage is to reduce recurrence and strive for cure. Therefore, in terms of life and living, you should have a healthy lifestyle, quit smoking, limit alcohol, exercise appropriately, keep your emotions stable and cheerful, eat healthy, and be able to eat, drink, sleep, poop, and be in a good mood!