Viral hepatitis is a group of infectious diseases caused by a variety of hepatitis viruses with a focus on liver damage. Five types of viral hepatitis have been identified, namely hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted through the gastrointestinal route and do not turn into chronic hepatitis; however, the disease progresses rapidly in some patients and can develop into severe hepatitis, resulting in death, so they should be treated promptly. Hepatitis B and C can be transmitted through blood or body fluid transfusion, injection and needle stick route, sexual transmission and vertical transmission from mother to child, general life, study and work contact, including living in the same dormitory, sharing an office and office supplies, and even common meals, is not infected with hepatitis B and C. Employment and schooling and other medical examinations no longer check for hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus carriers can receive a health certificate to engage in the food industry, the basis for this. Currently, hepatitis A and B can be actively prevented by vaccination. China is a high prevalence of hepatitis B. Epidemiological surveys have found that the rate of HBsAg positivity in the general population is close to 10%. Although the rate of HBsAg positivity has dropped to 7.2% after preventive vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine in the past 10 years, the number of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers is still close to 100 million, and the number of chronic hepatitis B patients is still as high as 30 million. Chronic hepatitis B is an incurable and progressive disease, and once it progresses to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, it will pose a threat to life; while antiviral therapy can control and stop the progression of the disease, thus putting forward a new concept of comprehensive treatment with antiviral therapy as the mainstay and anti-inflammatory and liver-protective therapy as a supplement. At present, the recognized and effective anti-hepatitis B virus drugs include interferon and oral nucleoside analogues such as lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir and telbivudine; however, there are still misconceptions in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B. People still regard “liver protection and enzyme reduction” as the main means of treatment for chronic hepatitis B, thus delaying the treatment. Even if we understand the importance of antiviral therapy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, there is a lack of understanding of how to reasonably and flexibly grasp the indications, and there is a situation of excessive and insufficient application of antiviral drugs. There are a large number of chronic HBsAg carriers in China. Since most carriers (especially those younger than 30 years old) are in an immune tolerance state with normal transaminases, they are temporarily not suitable for antiviral therapy and can work as usual; however, care should be taken to avoid overexertion, absolute abstinence from alcohol, regular checkups and guidance from professional doctors. Remember not to listen to some media or advertising claims of the so-called special effect “transgenic drugs”, so as not to waste money, increase the burden on the liver and affect the subsequent treatment. Hepatitis C is also not uncommon in China, and there are already effective treatment regimens of interferon combined with oral ribavirin, most of which can achieve a cure. Because hepatitis C was once prevalent among blood donors in China from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s; and there was insufficient awareness of this, there was misuse of blood products, such as transfusion of freeze-dried plasma to increase resistance in adults suffering from colds and children suffering from pneumonia, which resulted in infection with hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis C is mostly asymptomatic, not easily detected, and easily chronicized, and once it progresses to hepatic sclerosis, the opportunity to apply interferon for treatment is lost. Therefore, in order to improve the prognosis of hepatitis C, it should be detected as early as possible, and under the guidance of a doctor experienced in treatment, timely and standardized antiviral treatment should be administered. Viral hepatitis is very close to us, but it is preventable, treatable and not scary. Each of us should face life and hepatitis with a positive attitude. Healthy people should be vaccinated for active prevention, and patients with chronic hepatitis B and C should undergo standardized antiviral treatment. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the continuous improvement of treatment measures, together with the correct knowledge and positive attitude, controlling viral hepatitis and returning patients to normal life will no longer be a dream. Viral hepatitis will eventually be far away from us.