The incidence of various types of liver diseases is very high in China. The lack of a correct understanding of liver diseases causes great mental stress and panic among many patients, and society discriminates against patients with liver diseases, interfering with people’s order of life and physical health. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the basic knowledge education for patients and all social groups. A few questions of concern are now briefly explained. Are all liver disease patients infectious? Liver disease is a general term for damage to liver tissue cells caused by various reasons. At present, the common causes of liver disease are viral, alcoholic, drug, toxic, immune, vascular, metabolic, genetic, bacterial, etc. Only viral liver disease is contagious. Among viral hepatitis, hepatitis A and E are transmitted through the digestive tract (mouth), while other viral hepatitis such as hepatitis B and C are mainly transmitted through blood or mother-to-child transmission, and are not infected through general life contact. Many couples in which one partner is a hepatitis B patient have lived together for decades without infecting the other partner. According to the epidemiological survey, 90% of the chronic hepatitis B virus infected people in China were infected before the age of 5, and 80% were infected before the age of 1. 95% of the adult hepatitis B virus infected people were infected before the age of 1. Ninety-five percent of adult hepatitis B virus infections can be self-resolved or cured. Is hepatitis B hereditary? Many patients think they are hereditary because their mother or father carries the hepatitis B virus or has hepatitis B. This is a misconception. Hereditary diseases are caused by chromosomal abnormalities in the genes of the predecessors, resulting in genetic abnormalities in the offspring, while hepatitis B is a disease caused by infection with exogenous pathogens – viruses, and there is an essential difference between the two. Viral infections are preventable and curable infectious diseases. Your hepatitis B virus will not be “passed on” to your child. (Note: Mother-to-child and father-to-child transmission are actually the transmission of the hepatitis B virus from one parent to the next through the internal route, which is not “hereditary”. There are many advertisements stating that with the use of medication, “all five hepatitis B tests will be negative”, but it is very difficult to achieve such a goal. Currently, the goals of our antiviral treatment are: HBVDNA negative, HBeAg negative, HBeAb positive, and normal liver function. The chances of surface antigen turning negative are so rare that it cannot be taken as the end goal of treatment. Antiviral therapy is a long-term project, according to the current treatment experience, either treatment regimen should be greater than 1 year, nucleoside (acid) drug course should generally last more than 3 years. How to stop when to stop the drug should be under the guidance of a specialist. When should chronic hepatitis B patients be treated with antiviral therapy? Antiviral treatment must be well-timed. Any antiviral drug has its own indications for use, which are detailed in the “Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B” issued in December 2005. Good timing of the treatment will achieve twice the result with half the effort, while the poor grasp of the opportunity will be laborious and costly. The opportunity to grasp must be determined by experienced specialists, the basic principles are: normal liver function, ultrasound observation of no lesions carriers are not suitable for antiviral therapy, HBVDNA positive, ALT is greater than the upper limit of the normal value of more than twice the application of antiviral therapy can be considered; for the cirrhosis of the liver patients regardless of how the liver function should be selected antiviral therapy, the specific program depending on the condition. How to prevent hepatitis B virus infection? The most effective preventive measure is hepatitis B vaccination. Hepatitis B vaccination within 24 hours (preferably 12 hours) of birth can effectively prevent hepatitis B virus infection, with a protection rate of more than 98%. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine should be injected into different parts of the newborns of surface antigen-positive pregnant women within 24 hours, and it is not advocated that hepatitis B immunoglobulin should be injected into pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Children should be examined for HBsAb in 3~5 years, and attention should be paid to timely booster vaccination for hepatitis B. Adults who have close contact with the hepatitis B virus, especially those with blood contact, should be injected with a large dose of hepatitis B vaccine (20 micrograms).