Gout is a relatively common joint disease that causes a series of symptoms such as redness, swelling and pain in the joints, and in severe cases, kidney damage. Gout can be divided into two categories: primary gout and secondary gout. The specific causes of both are different, but both can lead to hyperuricemia, resulting in uric acid crystal deposits, which can lead to gout attacks. Primary gout is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors and has a certain degree of family heritability. Except for a very small number of cases caused by congenital defects in purine metabolizing enzymes, the rest are mostly associated with a high purine diet and often co-exist with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Secondary gout is mainly caused by kidney diseases that lead to reduced uric acid excretion, certain drugs that inhibit uric acid excretion, and myeloproliferative diseases that lead to increased uric acid production due to radiotherapy. At present, with the improvement of material living standard, high purine diet has become one of the main causes of gout. Drinking alcohol, seafood, animal offal, beef and mutton, and sweet drinks are the main types of high purine diet. Long-term high purine diet can cause elevated blood uric acid and lead to hyperuricemia. If the blood uric acid level is elevated for a long time, the concentration of urate increases and crystals are formed and deposited in joints and kidneys, leading to gout attacks. However, it is important to note that elevated blood uric acid alone does not equal gout; gout must occur with the formation and deposition of urate crystals. Therefore, hyperuricemia is the main cause of gout attacks. However, there are many factors that lead to hyperuricemia, so we should pay attention to avoiding these factors on a daily basis, as well as pay attention to a good diet and a regular work and rest schedule, so that we can prevent gout to a certain extent.