In the same case of azoospermia, why do some families have both egg and sperm retrieval, while others require the woman to retrieve the eggs first or the man to retrieve the sperm and do sperm (egg) freezing first? This is a very delicate issue indeed. Of course, the ideal situation is to have the sperm retrieved on the day of egg retrieval or the day before, by which the sperm eggs are unfrozen and have relatively the best viability. However, this requires that the male partner has a high success rate of sperm retrieval, such as in patients who can find sperm during a testicular puncture or who have a high chance of finding sperm through microscopic sperm retrieval (for example, in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome, microscopic sperm retrieval has a 50-60% success rate), and that the sperm can be injected into the follicular plasma once found; if sperm is not found at that time, the female partner can do egg freezing for the next time. Zhao Lianming, Department of Male Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China If the success rate of sperm retrieval for the male partner is assessed by the doctor’s diagnosis to be low, the male partner should be considered to do freezing after retrieval first to be ready for the other partner to thaw on the day of surgery and then perform IVF operation. Although theoretically, freezing can keep the sperm with viability for a long time, after all, it can also cause some damage and there is a possibility of failure of recovery after freezing. If the male partner continues to fail in sperm retrieval, the female partner will not have to retrieve eggs. However, if the couple has a strong desire for fertility, the woman can have her eggs frozen and resuscitated on the day of the man’s sperm retrieval. This approach ensures that the IVF process can be performed on the day of sperm retrieval. Although the quantity and quality of eggs required will be higher, it is actually the best way to ensure fertility. The question of whether sperm or egg retrieval should come first is indeed a complex one and requires a comprehensive assessment by the doctor before deciding. It is recommended that male patients explain in detail to the doctor during the consultation their need for fertility, whether they want to consider donor sperm as soon as possible if sperm retrieval is unsuccessful? Or do you want to complete the fertility process on your own? –This is very important for the doctor to make a decision for you.