Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in clinical practice, with a global incidence of over 626,000/year, ranking 5th among malignant tumors, and nearly 600,000/year, ranking 3rd among tumor-related deaths. It ranks second after lung cancer in tumor-related deaths. Therefore, liver cancer is a serious threat to the health and life of our people. PLC is a highly prevalent tumor in China, and the difficulties in treatment are: ① most patients have a background of hepatitis B and cirrhosis, often combined with liver dysfunction; ② relatively low age of onset, rapid progression, and prone to intrahepatic dissemination and distant metastasis; ③ only some patients can receive surgical treatment, and the rate of radical resection is low; ④ high recurrence rate after surgery. It is generally believed that the important factors affecting the efficacy include the size and number of tumors, the site and extent of tumor involvement, portal vein cancer embolism and distant metastasis, the degree of liver function compensation and systemic condition.