Indications and contraindications for sclerotherapy of esophageal varices: Indications: (1) Emergency hemostasis by sclerotherapy injection for ruptured esophagogastric varices that are difficult to control by other methods. (2) Severe esophagogastric varices with a history of bleeding, advanced age, severely impaired liver function with serious complications, and inability to tolerate surgery, (3) Those who have had previous bleeding esophageal varices and still have a tendency to bleed currently are treated with sclerotherapy to prevent rebleeding. (4) Those who have recently had bleeding esophageal varices and are likely to undergo surgery, and successful hemostasis will provide better conditions for surgical treatment. Contraindications: (1) Patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unstable respiratory and circulatory status, or in a state of shock. (2) Those with hepatic encephalopathy who are unconscious or have precursor symptoms of hepatic coma. (3) Those who have very unclear endoscopic view and cannot satisfactorily expose the varicose veins.