Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of neoplastic diseases that originate from hematopoietic stem cells and are characterized by abnormalities in the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, resulting in severe decreases in the number and function of red blood cells, granulocytes, and platelets, leading to infection, bleeding tendencies, and a tendency to transform into leukemia, also known as pre-leukemia. When the disease progresses to intermediate or advanced stages, it can cause severe anemia, and patients often experience palpitations, weakness, dizziness, and fatigue, as well as severe granulocytopenia and hypofunction. Patients may be prone to infections, colds and other infectious diseases, and often induce serious uncontrollable infections, and about 1/3 of patients can die from serious infections. Due to the severe decrease in platelet count and function, patients may have a tendency to bleed, which may be accompanied by subcutaneous ecchymosis and hematoma, and may cause fatal intracranial hemorrhage, which may lead to brain herniation and death in severe cases.