Preface: more and more couples have infertility, part of the reason is attributed to men, this time men often have to go to see the male infertility, then, do you know what details need to pay attention to when you see the male infertility? What aspects to explain to the doctor? The following is to give you an introduction. 1, how to know that they may be infertile? Men and women who have normal sex after marriage and cohabitation, without taking any contraceptive measures, after 1 year (12 months) did not cause the woman to become pregnant, should be considered infertile or low fertility, should be in the infertility clinic. Primary infertility is defined as not having experienced conception in the past, and secondary infertility is defined as having been able to impregnate other women in the past and not having been able to do so for more than a year. The probability of a normal fertility couple getting pregnant each month under the above conditions should not exceed 25%, so it is not advisable to carry out infertility-related tests too early before the above time, unless there are obvious abnormalities (such as severe erectile dysfunction, persistently low semen volume, non-ejaculation, and previous cohabitation with girlfriends without contraception without getting pregnant, etc.). 2.What factors are directly related to fertility? For men, the level of fertility is largely determined by the quality of sperms, including sperm density and total number of sperms in a single discharge, sperm motility (the speed of movement of sperms and the percentage of active sperms), sperm morphology, as well as the composition and status of seminal plasma, such as the presence of anti-sperm antibodies with high titers, various important biochemical indicators in seminal plasma, and secondly, whether or not there is any infection in the seminal fluid. Past fertility status, i.e., whether there has been a history of conception in the past and the number of years of infertility, is very important for treatment and prediction of fertility outcome. This is because congenital loss of male fertility persists, whereas reduced or loss of fertility that occurs later in life usually has a more significant clinical course, such as testicular/epididymitis, exposure to radiation, certain medications, surgery, high temperatures, drug abuse, and severe varicocele. Sexual function status, too little frequency of married couples, abnormal ejaculation (e.g., non-ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, or severe premature ejaculation, inability to ejaculate into the vagina), and inability to have sex due to severe erectile dysfunction can affect fertility. However, if semen is able to be ejaculated into the vagina, even with some degree of low sexual function, the effect on fertility will not have a major impact. Similarly, masturbation or circumcision generally does not affect fertility. The age of the woman, the age of the spouse is an important factor affecting the fertility of the couple, relevant statistics show that women at about 34 years of age is a turning point when fertility begins to diminish, both the ability to conceive naturally and the success rate of assisted reproduction technology treatments have declined with the increase in age. Therefore, the younger the woman is, the longer the observation period for pregnancy can be appropriately prolonged, and conversely, the older she is, the more aggressive the treatment should be. Female factors, factors affecting female fertility are relatively more and more likely to occur than male, common fallopian tube obstruction, pelvic adhesion, endocrine disorders, ovulation function abnormalities, etc. The specific causes should be examined in the gynecology department. Abnormalities in the development of the reproductive system, congenital or acquired abnormalities in the development of the reproductive system of both sexes can seriously affect fertility. Commonly, male reproductive system developmental abnormalities include gonadal hypoplasia (small testicles), vasectomy, urethral malformation and so on. Other diseases, including certain congenital or hereditary diseases, systemic diseases, endocrine causes, etc., and a small number of patients (about 10%), due to the limitations of the current state of the art of medical technology is not yet able to determine its cause. 3. Understanding semen and semen examination Semen examination is a basic clinical test to determine male fertility, and it is one of the tests that must be conducted when infertile men undergo fertility evaluation or male infertility clinic visits. Male semen consists of spermatozoa discharged from the epididymis, a small amount of epididymal fluid, about 1/3 of the prostate fluid and about 2/3 of the seminal vesicle fluid, and the indicators of fertility are mainly the number of spermatozoa, the activity status and the morphology of the spermatozoa. The semen test should be performed after a certain period of abstinence, which is required to be 2-7 days, too short or too long may affect the accuracy of the results. The indicators of semen are affected by many factors, such as the frequency of seminal emission, the duration of abstinence after seminal emission, even the interval between the two times of sexual intercourse before abstinence before the test, the method of semen collection and whether the semen collection is complete or not, and so on. Therefore, the results of one semen test often cannot provide an objective analysis of fertility, and the results of 2 or more tests are needed. Not all semen tests accurately reflect male fertility, especially results near the threshold. Low semen quality is not absolutely incapable of achieving a natural pregnancy, and conversely normal semen parameters are not always achievable. The doctor should take into account the medical history, the condition of both partners and other tests to make a comprehensive judgment. You should never make your own judgment against the reference value, terminate further examination or carry a psychological burden because of the normal or not normal results.