The arteries of the body are the conduits that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body. As a result of lipid deposition and plaque formation in the inner walls of arteries, the lumen of arteries can be narrowed or even blocked, a process called atherosclerosis, which leads to arterial ischemia. When the human leg muscles do not have sufficient blood supply, the legs may feel weak, sore and painful when moving, which is called arterial ischemia of the lower extremities and is medically defined as “lower extremity arterial occlusive disease”. Sometimes the surface of the plaque on the arterial wall may rupture and cause thrombosis. When the thrombus is dislodged and flows with the blood, it may block the small blood vessels at the distal end, resulting in acute ischemic symptoms such as sudden pain and numbness in the legs. In patients with severe lower limb arterial ischemia, pain and ulcers may occur in the affected limbs. There are 2 types of surgical treatment: 1.Surgical treatment Under general or semi-body anesthesia, the artery of the lower extremity needs to be opened and an autologous saphenous vein or artificial vessel is selected to cross the occluded stenotic vessel and perform lower extremity artery bypass surgery. 2.Endoluminal treatment The patient is awake, through the skin local anesthesia, through the root of the thigh or arm artery puncture, a thin soft balloon catheter is inserted into the lower extremity, placed at the narrow lesion, through the pressure pump slowly pressurized, the balloon on the catheter expands and expands, squeezing the plaque in the lumen to the arterial wall, when the balloon catheter is withdrawn, the lumen of the diseased artery can be opened. To prevent restenosis of the dilated arterial lumen, in some cases, a stent is placed in the vessel to fix the plaque to the arterial wall, thus maintaining long-term patency of the arterial lumen. The advantages of endoluminal intervention are less trauma, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay and fewer complications, and it has an immediate therapeutic effect. With the exception of iodine allergy and extremely critical patients, almost all patients with lower extremity arterial stenosis and occlusion are suitable for endovascular treatment. After treatment, blood flow is restored to the diseased lower extremity, soreness disappears, and the ulcer heals. Postoperative patients must take their medication regularly and be followed up regularly in the outpatient clinic.
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