Low back pain is the most common symptom of primary osteoporosis. Generally bone pain can occur with bone loss of 12% or more. In old age osteoporosis, the vertebral bones shrink in small amounts, the number decreases, the vertebral body compresses and deforms, the low back muscles double the contraction in order to correct the forward flexion of the spine, the muscle fatigue and even spasm, producing pain. If the spinal nerve is compressed, it can produce symptoms such as radiating pain in the extremities and sensory-motor disorders in both lower limbs. Second, height shortening and hunchback The appearance of height shortening and hunchback is later than that of back pain, and it indicates that osteoporosis has reached a fairly serious degree. In age-related osteoporosis, the small amount of bone in the vertebral body shrinks and the lax and fragile vertebral body is compressed, resulting in wedge-shaped changes of the vertebral body, i.e. flat in front and thick in the back, which leads to shortening of height and humpback. Brittle fractures Osteoporotic fractures are often characterized by minor violence or in daily life, so-called “brittle fractures”. One of the patients we treated in the outpatient clinic had a vertebral fracture simply by going to get a piece of laundry to dry, and the fracture occurred twice. Another characteristic of this fragility fracture is that it can be repeated, which means that after one fracture, the risk of another fracture in a different area is greatly increased. Fourth, frequent cramps The direct cause of leg and foot cramps is the abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism that regulates muscle function. Under normal circumstances, the calcium inside and outside the cells of the human body should be in balance, and frequent cramps may be a signal that the body’s ability to regulate calcium and phosphorus has decreased. Osteoporosis can lead to a decrease in physical strength. Patients often complain of weakness, limb weakness, and inability to lift slightly heavy objects, which greatly reduces the quality of life. Low weight After a lot of research, it is found that weight is a protective factor against osteoporosis, and people who are thin are more likely to get osteoporosis. Moreover, the short-term rapid decline in weight will also affect the human bone density. Fat people have more fatty tissue and higher estrogen levels, while thin people have less fatty tissue and lower estrogen levels. Estrogen is an important protective factor for osteoporosis and can promote calcium absorption and bone formation. VII. Poor mood In addition to physical problems, fractures caused by osteoporosis also affect patients’ psychological health and social adaptability at the same time. The inability to take care of themselves and move freely independently causes anxiety, depression and loss of self-esteem, which makes patients’ mood and social life greatly affected, and many people become depressed from then on. Habitual lack of exercise Modern people go to and from work by car instead of walking, up and down the stairs by elevator instead of walking, to telephone contact instead of visiting the door, and eventually may be due to “habitual lack of exercise” and lead to increased chances of osteoporosis in the future. Medical experts have recently proven that women in their thirties and forties, and even in their twenties, may suffer from this disease. The incidence of osteoporosis fractures is higher in women than in men. The prevalence of osteoporosis in China is about 30%-35% in women and less in men among people over 60 years old. The peak bone mass of women is lower than that of men, and a number of factors such as a significant decline in estrogen in women after menopause, as well as a decline in vitamin D synthesis, cause an increase in bone loss. X. Common sites of fracture About half of the patients present with low back pain, followed by pain in the back of the shoulder, neck, knee and ankle. In severe cases, pain in bones and joints of the whole body may occur. Osteoporotic fractures occur mainly in four areas: spine, wrist (distal flexor), hip and ankle.