I. Finished neck orthosis (a) soft type collar made of polyurethane foam-based system, wrapped in cotton cover, with Velcro adhesion fixed and adjustable elasticity. The orthosis is a finished product, with different models to choose from. It can be assembled at any time without adjustment. It forms a kinesthetic cue through contact with the skin to remind patients of mild control of cervical flexion and extension when they move their necks, and is suitable for protecting patients with neck and neck soft tissue injuries such as drop pillow and cervical collar muscle strain patients. (ii) rigid type collar Mostly made of polyethylene plastic sheet, inlaid with plastic sponge edges, fixed with Velcro adhesion at the back. The orthosis is a finished product, with different models to choose from. Ready to assemble, no adjustment. There is a little control of cervical flexion and extension for patients with severe soft tissue neck injuries and cervical spondylosis. (C) Philadelphia neck brace Philadelphia neck brace (Philadelphincollar) is usually made of polyethylene foam and rigid plastic, divided into two front and back pieces, which are fixed by Velcro adhesion on both sides. Some of the front pieces have an opening for tracheal intubation and are suitable for patients with tracheal intubation. The orthosis is a finished product, with different models to choose from. It is ready to be assembled with few adjustments. Orthoses provide basic control of cervical flexion and extension and are suitable for patients with traumatic emergencies, cervical spondylosis, stable cervical fractures and postoperative cervical fracture dislocations, and are used with caution for fixation of patients with unstable cervical fractures. II. Customized neck orthosis (a) Wire neck brace Made of wire and lined with soft material and fabric according to the shape and measurement data of the patient’s neck. This orthosis restricts the flexion movement of the neck and is suitable for the prevention and treatment of scar contracture and neck deformity after neck burns and plastic surgery. (ii) Plastic film neck orthosis The orthosis maker uses high (low) temperature plates molded in a plaster yang shape (patient’s neck) to make the orthosis. This orthosis controls neck flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation and is suitable for cervical spine fractures, dislocations, cervical ligament injuries, severe neck sprains, postoperative cervical spine fractures, and is used with caution in patients with open cervical spine injuries. (C) flexion-extension-rotation controlled cervicothoracic orthosis Also known as sternaloccipitalmandibularimmobilizer (SOMI) or Somi orthosis. The front consists of a single metal rod and a plastic rest to control the movement of the mandibular joint, and the back consists of a plastic occipital rest to control the movement of the head. It is suitable for patients with stable fractures of the cervical spine, postoperative cervical fractures or dislocations, and cervical arthritis, etc. It is used with caution in patients with unstable fractures. (d) flexion-extension-lateral-rotation-controlled cervicothoracic orthosis (flexion-extension-lateral-rotationCTO) is composed of double, triple or quadruple rods and plastic rests to control the movement of the mandibular joint in the front and side, and plastic pillow rests to control the movement of the head in the back; or all made of polyethylene high-temperature sheet. made of high temperature polyethylene sheets. Controls flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine. Suitable for patients with fractures, dislocations, ligament injuries, postoperative fractures of the cervical spine and upper thoracic spine, and cautiously used for patients whose neck skin, occiput and jaw cannot tolerate pressure. (E) halocervical thoracic orthosis (halocervicalthoracicorthosis), also known as the halocervical brace. It is divided into two parts: the upper part is a cranial ring with four stainless steel top screws to fix the skull, and the lower part is a thermoplastic plate molded thoracic brace and dorsal brace plate, connected by four vertical rods with screws in the middle, the length of these rods are adjustable. It is indicated for patients with unstable fractures of the cervical spine, especially C1 to C3 vertebral instability fractures; patients with tumors and tuberculosis in the upper segment of the cervical spine after surgery. It should be used with caution in patients with cervical fractures combined with skull fractures. (F) Fixed cervicothoracic lumbosacral orthosis made of aluminum alloy branch or molded from high-temperature plates. This orthosis controls flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the cervicothoracic lumbosacral spine and is suitable for patients with multiple spinal fractures and should be used with caution in patients with respiratory impairment. (vii) Orthopedic formal cervicothoracic lumbosacral orthoses are suitable for patients with multi-segmental scoliosis and kyphosis of the spine, such as Milwaukee-type scoliosis orthoses.