1, schizophrenia (1) schizophrenia youth-type episodes are distinguished from manic episodes. The former also starts in youth, showing excitement, talking and activity. However, the main features are disorganized speech, bizarre behavior, disorganization, stupidity, childishness and other bizarre manifestations, uncoordinated thinking, emotion and behavior, and uncoordinated psychomotor excitement. Manic episodes are coordinated psychomotor excitations based on emotional highs, with pleasant, elevated and infectious moods. (2) Manic episodes can be accompanied by psychotic symptoms, and attention should be paid to differentiation. Manic episodes are dominated by affective disorder performance and throughout the course of the disease, emotional high accompanied by changes in thinking and behavior, and normal intervals between episodes. In contrast, schizophrenia is manifested by hallucinations, delusions, thinking and logic disorders and other bizarre as the main performance, and the internal experience and the surrounding environment are not coordinated, and the interictal period more residual social function deficits of different degrees. 2, secondary manic episodes Manic episodes can be caused by organic brain diseases, somatic diseases, certain drugs and psychoactive substances (such as alcohol, methamphetamine, etc.), the two points of differentiation are as follows: secondary manic episodes should have a clear history of organic brain diseases, history of somatic diseases, history of drug and psychoactive substance use; physical examination and laboratory tests have corresponding changes, consciousness, memory, intelligence problems may appear. Emotional symptoms improve with the improvement of the primary disease condition and worsen with the aggravation of the primary disease condition. 3, mania and identification with bipolar manic episodes Need to carefully ask whether there is atypical, mild and transient depression in the past, if there is, it should be diagnosed as bipolar disorder. Bipolar type I: manic episodes are obvious and severe, and there are major depressive episodes; bipolar type II: manic episodes are generally mild, and their depressive episodes are obvious and severe; bipolar other types: manic or depressive episodes are not severe. 4, personality disorder Mood changes are personality problems or diseases, note that personality is a person’s consistent mood and behavior pattern, while manic episodes have obvious onset time, pathological mood needs to last for a certain period of time.