Osteoporosis is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly people, with multiple morbidity, seriously endangering the physical and mental health of the elderly, so what factors can induce osteoporosis?
1.Age factor.
Age is the most important and prominent factor leading to osteoporosis. Both men and women increase with age. After middle age, bone resorption is greater than bone formation, bone loss continues, bone tissue becomes more and more fragile. 50 years of age or older, most of the visible osteoporosis, the incidence of osteoporosis in the elderly population over 59 years of age reached 67.6%. Bone loss in women increases significantly, about 0.5% to 1% per year before menopause, and 3 to 15 years after menopause bone loss increases significantly to 2% to 3% per year.
2, gender factors.
Osteoporosis is predominantly female, but recent data show that the incidence of osteoporosis in men is higher than previously expected. However, the trend among men appears 5 to 10 years later than women.
3. Nutrition and lifestyle effects.
Inadequate calcium intake.
Adequate calcium intake helps to obtain optimal peak bone mass, maintain bone mass in adulthood, and slow bone calcium loss in later life. When calcium intake is insufficient, calcium from the bones is released into the bloodstream in order to maintain the calcium concentration in the blood, leading to osteoporosis.
Protein intake.
Protein is an important structural component of bone, and long-term protein deficiency can lead to a decrease in bone strength and increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, higher protein intake can cause calcium to be excreted in the urine, accelerating the loss of bone calcium. Animal protein causes a greater loss of calcium in the urine than vegetable protein. Moreover, the source of animal protein is different and induces different calcium loss in urine. It is commonly believed that drinking milk is a calcium supplement, but the countries that drink the most milk also have the most osteoporosis and fractures.
Vitamin D deficiency.
D is very important in maintaining bone metabolism, it promotes the absorption of calcium from food in the small intestine and is also important for the entry of calcium into the bones in the blood, while D also promotes the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys.
Vitamin K2 deficiency.
K2 is an important nutrient in the formation of bones and plays a role in promoting bone formation. Low K2 intake increases the risk of osteoporosis.
Smoking and alcohol consumption.
Nicotine in cigarettes inhibits bone formation, and if 20 cigarettes are smoked per day, bone mass will decline by 8 to 10 percent after 25 to 30 years. Excessive alcohol consumption can inhibit bone cell function and interfere with the absorption of D and K2.
Coffee and carbonated beverages.
Coffee and strong tea both increase the amount of calcium in the urine, causing calcium loss. The addition of phosphorus to carbonated beverages also increases the excretion of calcium in the urine.
High-salt diet.
The more sodium you consume, the more calcium you will have in your urine. For each additional 1000 mg of sodium, 26 mg of calcium is lost.
Lack of exercise.
Exercise is the best way to increase bone density, especially weight-bearing exercise. Studies have shown a 4% increase in bone density at younger ages and a 40% decrease in osteoporosis at older ages.